混响室的概率统计分析方法及其蒙特卡罗模拟

 提出了一种研究混响室问题的理论分析方法,从理想混响室的离散概率模型出发,采用蒙特卡罗模拟来获得室内电磁场量及其相关物理量的概率统计特性。运用该方法获得了混响室内若干场量（均为归一化值）的概率密度函数、室内一段均匀无耗单导体传输线的负载平均耦合截面及负载电流响应模值的概率分布,所得结果与已有文献给出的结果（包括由解析公式计算或测量所得的结果）吻合良好。由于蒙特卡罗方法的普适性,采用该方法可以获得任意待分析参量的全部概率统计特性（只要样本数足够大）。同时该方法无需针对具体混响室进行,只要在其测试区域能较好地与理想混响室的基本概率模型相吻合,就能给出较精确的计算结果,且其计算量远远小于基于全波分析的蒙特卡罗方法。     

GENERALIZED REVERBERATION MATRIX FORMULATION FOR WAVE PROPAGATION IN MULTILAYERED MEDIUM

<正>Generalized reverberation matrix(GRM)formulation is presented to investigate elastic wave propagation in a complex multilayered solid by the combination of reverberation-ray matrix(RRM)method and stiffness matrix(SM)method.RRM method formulates a reverberation matrix,which reflects the reflection or refraction of the elastic waves in the multilayered solid.However,the dimension of RRM increases as the sublayer number increases,which may result in lower calculation efficiency of the generalized rays.SM formulation yields a system matrix of the constant dimension to promise higher calculation efficiency,but it is difficult to identify the generalized rays.In order to calculate the generalized rays in the complex multi-layered solid efficiently,the RRM formulation is applied to the interested sublayer for the evaluation of the generalized rays and SM formulation to the other sublayers,to construct a generalized reverberation matrix of the constant dimension,which is independent of the sublayer number.Numerical examples show that GRM formulation has higher calculation efficiency for the generalized rays in the complex multilayered-solid configuration compared with RRM formulation.     

海洋混响特性研究

海洋混响是海洋环境产生的回声。对于目标探测来说,混响是一种严重的干扰;对于大规模海洋生物探测及海洋环境遥感来说,海洋混响是其应用的基础。经过近一个世纪的理论和实验研究,深海混响的产生机理相对明确,基本的特性也较为清楚。浅海环境较深海环境复杂,目前浅海混响研究大多关注混响的平均特性,对其完整特性的研究将成为未来浅海混响特性研究的重点。文章对海洋混响的研究工作进行了综述,介绍了海洋混响的基本理论和应用。     

语音清晰度和平均混响时间在车内声学中的应用

乘用车的车内声学性能直接影响人的主观感受,但仅靠主观评价来判定是不够的;必须通过引入有力的客观参量来刻画车内听觉的舒适度效果。而如何来设计车内噪声试验方案来诊断和改善声学水平则成了一个重要的环节。在乘用车车内噪声品质的开发过程中,综合应用语音清晰度和平均混响时间两个指标对车内吸声性能进行了对比分析。通过对实车主观评价和客观测试,讨论了语音清晰度、车内平均混响时间、吸声系数和声压衰减斜率的概念及相互关系,从而确定了高速道路行驶工况下的语音清晰度主要取决于车内吸声材料的性能。提出了将车内相关部位进行材料吸声改进作为改善语音清晰度的主要措施之一。     

一种光谱分辨率可调的新型空间调制傅里叶变换光谱仪

调整光谱仪的光谱分辨率,可使光谱仪在满足不同目标测量需求的同时,减少数据采集、处理和存储的时间,提高仪器的整体性能。为克服传统傅里叶变换光谱仪的光谱分辨率固定的缺点,提出了一种分辨率可调的空间调制傅里叶变换光谱仪。介绍了该新型光谱仪及其干涉仪的工作原理,利用光线追迹的方法推导了光程差和横向剪切量的计算公式,并分析了新型干涉仪的光程等效模型。在此基础上,分析了光谱分辨率的调节原理。结果表明,该光谱分辨率可调的新型空间调制傅里叶变换光谱仪克服了传统光谱仪分辨率固定、稳定性差等缺点,具有分辨率可调、高稳定性、结构灵活和易于装调等特点。该研究内容为分辨率可调的干涉光谱仪的设计提供了理论基础,扩展了傅里叶变换光谱仪的实用范围。     

Improving sound diffusion in a reverberation tank using a randomly fluctuating surface

Underwater reverberation environments that satisfy the conditions of uniformity and isotropy of the diffuse field can be used to measure the acoustic characteristics of underwater targets. This study combines two practical indicators — the standard deviation of the absolute sound pressure field (to indicate uniformity) and the analysis of the wavenumber spectrum in the spherical harmonics domain (to indicate isotropy) — for an accurate evaluation of the diffusion of the sound field in a reverberation tank. A method is proposed that can improve the narrow-band diffusion of the sound field by employing a randomly fluctuating surface. An acoustic experiment was performed in a reverberation water tank (1.2 m×1 m×0.8 m), where a randomly fluctuating surface was generated by making waves. The experimental results show that as the wave motion contributes effectively to the random reflection of sound rays in all directions, the uniformity and isotropy are improved significantly when the surface is fluctuating randomly. This work helps to ensure accurate measurements of the characteristics of underwater targets in reverberation tanks.     

沸石中组装SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+的可调发光现象

首先用溶胶-凝胶法制备符合SrAl2O4：Eu^2 ，Dy^3 化学组成的溶胶，然后通过机械研磨、水热反应和微波加热反应三种不同的组装方法和微波还原扩散法使其进入主体ZSM-5沸石的孔道中。主客体材料的荧光光谱出现显著蓝移，余辉光谱出现400nm和517nm两个发射峰，两个余辉峰的相对发射强度随组装方法和组装浓度的改变而具有可调性，呈现有规律的变化。分析其原因是由于发光材料进入沸石的纳米级孔洞引起的。     

林杏琴会堂的音质分析及改进设想

采用精密声级计和双通道声学分析仪，对林杏琴会堂的声场分布、噪声本底和混响时间作了分区测试，应用建筑声学理论对会堂的音质状况进行了分析，并提出改善会堂音质的若干建议．     

Prediction of reverberation time using the residual minimization method

In many practical situations the assumption of sound field dispersion needed for the application of the Sabine’s theory is not fulfilled. In general, sound field is sufficiently dispersed if there are no large differences in the dimensions of the room, limiting partitions are not parallel, or the sound absorbing material is uniformly distributed. In practice, very few of these requirements are satisfied. As a result, a number of other formulas describing reverberation time have been created, for example Fitzroy’s or Neubauer’s formulas. However, these methods in many cases differ significantly from the actual measurements. The paper presents a method used to estimate reverberation time as well as its applicability potential involving laboratory models and auditorium rooms. The proposed method can be classified into a group of learning methods and involves the use of statistical methods which allow for approximation with the use of the least squares method.     

Effect of adding artificial reverberation to speech-like masking sound

Time-reversed speech has been known to effectively mask information for speech privacy applications. However, the annoyance and distraction caused by the time-reversed speech-like masking sound is higher than other masking sound. This study investigates the effects of adding artificial reverberation to the time-reversed speech. Subjective listening tests have been conducted to measure the intelligibility of target speech, annoyance and distraction caused by the masking sound. The experimental results suggest that adding artificial reverberation to a speech-like masking sound has a significant effect to reduce the annoyance level while maintaining the masking effectiveness of the original masking sound. A trend was also observed that the addition of artificial reverberation could reduce the level of distraction caused by the masking sound.