Non parametric estimation of the diffusion coefficients of a diffusion with jumps

In this article, we consider a jump diffusion process ${\left(X_t\right)}_{t\ge 0}$, with drift function $b$, diffusion coefficient $\sigma$ and jump coefficient ${\xi }^2$. This process is observed at discrete times $t=0,\Delta ,\dots ,n\Delta$. The sampling interval $\Delta$ tends to 0 and the time interval $n\Delta$ tends to infinity. We assume that ${\left(X_t\right)}_{t\ge 0}$ is ergodic, strictly stationary and exponentially $\beta$-mixing. We use a penalized least-square approach to compute adaptive estimators of the functions ${\sigma }^2+{\xi }^2$ and ${\sigma }^2$. We provide bounds for the risks of the two estimators.     

基于相关子空间的双峰发射线光谱特征提取与分析

低分辨率天体光谱中呈现的双峰发射线轮廓可能反映着比较珍稀的物理现象，如双活动星系核（AGNs）、双超大质量黑洞（SMBH）、喷流云与窄线区的相互作用，也可能是光谱处理过程产生的低质量特征线。双峰发射线轮廓一般由2个或2个以上的波峰构成，对该特征进行提取并分析，可作为双AGN、星系对、双黑洞等稀有天体更有效的搜寻依据，从而有助于更深入地研究星系乃至宇宙的形成与演化。提出一种新的基于相关子空间的双峰发射线特征提取与分析方法，主要工作分为以下三部分：首先利用稀疏差异因子δ度量双峰发射线光谱中属性差异程度，利用KNN方法约束参与稀疏差异因子计算的光谱范围，在此基础上，针对LAMOST低分辨率光谱给出基于相关子空间的特征提取方法；其次，为了验证稀疏差异因子σ以及KNN的输入参数k对双峰发射线光谱的适应性，选择LAMOST双峰发射线光谱样本及普通星系光谱数据，红移范围z<0.3（确保Hα，Hβ，[OⅢ]λλ4 959, 5 007，[NⅡ]λλ6 548, 6 584，[SⅡ]λλ6 717, 6 731等发射线落在LAMOST波长覆盖范围），获得训练集光谱总数332+332（正负样本）条，并借助人眼检查分析该方法中的两个参数：k和δ阈值α对结果的影响，实验表明，当k=18，α=0.6时，相关属性分布较密集且稀疏点较少，结果比较理想；最后，对332条双峰发射线光谱特征子空间所在的波长区间、双峰红/蓝移间隔、双峰线强比等进行了理论分析、测量及人眼认证的基础上，给出了基于相关子空间的双峰发射线特征表述。此外，从双峰特征子空间上不同的发射线激发机制（[OⅢ]/[NⅡ]/[SⅡ]等禁线、Hα、Hβ等氢线）及相关特征子空间上线强关系等角度，对样本中双峰轮廓进行了分析。     

Adaptive signal enhancement for overlapped peaks based on weighting factor selection

Peak-sharpening is an effective method for the peak position detection of overlapped spectra. However, the weighing factor parameter strongly affects the sharpening performance, and the derivative adopted in the peak-sharpening method is sensitive to noise. In this paper, an adaptive peak-sharpening method based on weighting factor selection is proposed. The relationship between the sharpening ratio and weighting factor is studied. In addition, the Savitzky–Golay filter is adopted due to its excellent noise reduction and peak shape retention abilities. First, the smoothed signal and second-order derivative signal are obtained by the Savitzky–Golay filter. Then, the parameters of the overlapped peaks are estimated for the weighting factor selection. Next, the peak position is detected by the peak-sharpening method. After that step, the estimated parameters are updated, and the above steps are iterated until the detection of the peak position converges. Finally, the converged results are considered to be the final detection results. The experimental results using a simulated dataset, a virtual mass spectra dataset and a polarography dataset show that the proposed method is effective for peak position detection.     

The effect of probe-Ohmic environment coupling type and probe information flow on quantum probing of the cutoff frequency

This work aims to compare results of dissipating and pure dephasing single-qubit probes in characterizing the cutoff frequency of a harmonic reservoir Ohmic spectral density. In particular, we proved that a dissipating single-qubit improves the estimation precision of the cutoff frequency estimator. The information backflow and outflow of the dissipating and the dephasing single-qubit are compared. The relation between the quantum Fisher information and the information outflow and backflow of the probe is obtained. The results show that difference between the values of information outflow and backflow of a dissipating single-qubit is larger than a dephasing single-qubit. So, a single-qubit probe extracts more information from an Ohmic reservoir by increasing the difference between the values of information outflow and backflow of the probe.     

利用拖线阵运动特性的阵形估计方法

有效估计阵形是提高机动条件下拖线阵声呐探测性能的关键,流体力学类阵形估计方法稳定性和可靠性欠佳,导致其难以应用于工程实际,该文针对此问题提出一种基于拖线阵运动特性的阵形估计方法。利用稳态振荡响应公式计算拖船回转机动时拖线阵稳态阵形特性,将转向机动过程中阵上各点运动状态划分为若干阶段,进而依据偏微分方程特征线理论计算各阶段的分界时刻,探究阵上相邻两点的沿阵切线方向差变化规律,最后通过计算当前阵上各点的沿阵方向实现阵形估计。计算机仿真和海上实验数据验证表明算法可行且有效,与传统的流体力学类阵形估计方法相比具有更高的稳定性和更好的工程应用前景。     

基于数字非线性锁相环的相干态相位估计

基于量子理论获取相位参数的导航机制,理论上可以突破经典物理极限对导航精度的限制.利用量子零拍探测对相干态光场相位进行测量时,通常需要相位与之正交的本振光才能使测量精度达到量子标准极限.由于导航信号相位的高非线性特点,想要利用传统的线性锁相环获取完全满足条件的本振光具有一定的难度.为此,本文设计了一种基于容积准则的非线性锁相环,实现了在非正交本振光的条件下对相干态相位进行精确测量的功能.首先,利用相干态的Wigner函数推导了其相位在量子零拍探测的输出结果,设计了量子相位估计的非线性数字锁相环框架.然后基于正交单纯形容积准则设计了非线性滤波算法实现锁相环功能,该锁相环通过对本振相位进行多次状态更新,最终实现非线性迭代估计.实验结果表明,本文方法突破了本振光相位需与相干态相位正交的局限性,避免了传统量子锁相环方法引入的线性化误差,实现了对相干态相位的准确、稳定估计.