氮化硼纳米管-纳米片分级结构的制备及光学和吸附特性

将五硼酸铵、 氨硼烷络合物和氧化镁混合, 球磨均匀后, 在1200 ℃及0.6 L/min流动氨气保护条件下退火6 h, 即可在氧化铝基片上收集到白色毛状产物. 采用X射线衍射(XRD), 红外光谱(FTIR)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 拉曼光谱(Raman)、 紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱(PL)对产物进行了表征. 结果表明, 样品呈一维线状分级结构, 长度大于5 mm, 中间为竹节状空心结构, 内部管径为50~350 nm, 外径范围为200~800 nm. 分级结构表面负载了大量氮化硼(BN)纳米薄片, 单个薄片厚度约为13 nm. 薄片弯曲褶皱, 相互交织, 构成1个氮化硼片层, 其厚度约为50~200 nm. UV-Vis和PL光谱测试结果表明, 氮化硼纳米管(BNNT)分级结构在紫外光材料领域具有一定的应用潜力, 且对亚甲基蓝具有良好的吸附能力(7 min即可吸附71%, 107 min时可吸附96%). 对比实验结果表明, BNNT的生长机理遵循气-液-固相(VLS)模型, 而表面负载的超薄BN片的生长机理遵循气-固相(VS)模型.     

锂离子电池TiO2纳米管负极材料

In recent years, TiO₂ has been widely investigated as a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries because of its low volume change during the charge/discharge process, environmental benignity, and high safety. However, it suffers from poor electron transport, slow ion diffusion, and low theoretical capacity (335 mAh·g^-1), which limit its practical application. In this paper, we review the development history and latest progress of TiO₂ nanotubes (TNTs) as anode materials. Three typical synthesis methods of TNTs, namely, hydrothermal method, anodic oxidation, and template method, are analyzed in detail. We explain the formation mechanism, compare the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and identify the factors influencing the formation of TNTs. We also carefully analyze the morphology and crystallography of TNTs and describe how they influence the electrochemical performance. It is pointed out that c-axis oriented, arrayed, unsealed TNTs with a wall thickness less than 5 nm show better electrochemical performance. Various approaches for improving the electrochemical performance of TNTs are summarized, including preparation of threedimensional (3D) structured electrodes, doping, coating, and synthesis of composites. Among these approaches, compositing with materials that have high capacity and high conductivity has proven to be effective, convenient, and controllable. The achievements and the problems associated with each approach are summarized, and the possible research directions and prospects of TNTs as anode materials for Li-ion batteries in the future are discussed.     

石英相二氧化硅纳米管的制备及其对Pb2+的吸附行为研究

本文采用纯化的海泡石作为硅源,在不需要模板和煅烧工艺的条件下,制备出了石英相的硅纳米管(SNTs),并对获得样品进行了XRD、FTIR和SEM等表征.制得的SNTs具有40~50 nm外径,管腔直径为10~15 nm,长度为20~100 μm.此外,研究了SNTs对于Pb2+的吸附行为.结果表明,Pb2+吸附量随初始Pb2+浓度,吸附时间,温度和溶液pH值(<5)增加而增加.在溶液pH为5时,SNTs对于Pb2+的吸附平衡的吸附焓(ΔH)和熵变(ΔS)分别为6.28 kJ/mol和69.8 J/mol· K.     

双模随机交错晶场中最近邻弱交换相互作用对重入现象的影响

利用有效场理论研究了双模随机交错晶场中混合自旋 Blume-Capel 模型纳米管系统的重入现象, 发现了系统的重入现象与晶场取值概率、 晶场强度和外壳层与内壳层格点间最近邻交换相互作用的关系. 结果表明: 取值概率、 交换相互作用、 晶场强度和温度等诸多因素相互竞争, 使系统表现出丰富的磁化现象: 正( 负) 晶场较弱时, 系统只发生二级相变; 随着正( 负) 晶场增强, 系统的二级相变消失, 呈现一级相变; 一定条件下, 系统会出现重入现象.     

PbSe/TiO2同轴异质结纳米管的制备及光催化性能

通过溶液法合成了PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管,并对其进行了微观形貌、晶体结构等的表征。结果表明,制得的样品是由PbSe和TiO2两种材料构成的复合材料,致密、均匀的TiO2薄膜包覆在PbSe纳米管表面。以氙灯为模拟光源,通过对甲基橙的降解研究了PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管的光催化性能。结果显示,PbSe与TiO2之间形成的异质结使PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管具有较高的光催化性能,比纯PbSe纳米管的催化降解率提高了约4.5倍。另外,对PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管光催化稳定性也进行了研究。     

还原氮化温度对氮化铌纳米管组成、结构与电化学性能影响研究

以铌箔为基底,用阳极氧化法结合氨气还原氮化法制备出氮化铌纳米管,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电镜(SEM)等结构表征手段和循环伏安法(CV)、充放电(GCD)和交流阻抗法(EIS)等电化学测试手段研究了还原氮化温度对纳米管的物相、形貌以及电化学性能的影响.结果表明,还原氮化后出现了氮化铌物相,以氧氮化铌固溶体形式存在,当还原氮化温度为700℃时,氮化铌纳米管阵列结构均匀,纳米管的孔内径约为35 nm,管壁厚度约为12 nm,纳米管长度约为1.5μm,样品中内在阻抗和电荷转移电阻较小,在电流密度为0.1 mA/cm2时,其比电容为400μF/cm2.     

牛磺酸改性埃洛石纳米管的制备及其对四环素的吸附性能

四环素在环境中难于降解,容易残留在环境中,影响生态系统和人体健康。埃洛石纳米管是一种天然硅酸盐矿物,具有均匀的纳米中空管状结构。本文通过化学键合以牛磺酸对埃洛石纳米管表面进行修饰得到改性的埃洛石纳米管(HNTs-Tau),显著提高其对四环素的吸附能力。系统研究pH、吸附时间、吸附温度及离子强度对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,HNTs-Tau在pH=6的弱酸性溶液下吸附效果最佳。振荡时间为2 min时,去除率可达到90%以上。在25℃下采用10 mg HNTs-Tau对800μg/mL的四环素溶液的吸附容量可以达到512.5 mg/g。采用4种动力学模型拟合,HNTs-Tau对四环素的吸附行为更加符合准二级动力学模型。采用2种热力学模型拟合,HNTs-Tau对四环素的吸附行为更加符合Freundlich模型,对四环素的最大吸附容量可以达到714.3 mg/g。     

钴掺杂氮化硼纳米管吸附氯酚类污染物的理论研究

Chlorinated phenols (CPs) are the main precursors for forming the persistent organic pollutants dioxins and have strong teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. To explore the novel material for the removal or detection of these pollutants, we used density functional theory calculations to investigate the adsorption behaviors and interaction mechanisms of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) on pristine and Co-doped (8,0) single-walled boron nitride nanotubes (denoted by BNNT and Co-BNNT, respectively). The results show that compared with BNNT, Co-BNNT introduces local states near the Fermi levels, and has a smaller band gap. BNNT physisorbs 2-CP, TCP, and PCP molecules, whereas Co-BNNT presents chemisorption towards them. Charge-transfer between Co-BNNT and molecules can be clearly observed and the electronic densities of states of the doped systems change significantly near the Fermi levels after adsorption of molecules. Doping with Co atom significantly increases the electronic transport capability of BNNT and enhances the adsorption reactivity of the tube to CPs. Co-BNNT is expected to be a potential material for removing or detecting CPs pollutants.     

水热合成制备Al掺杂α-MnO2纳米管及其超级电容器电化学性能

α-MnO₂ and Al-doped α-MnO₂ were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The morphologies, structures, and electrochemical performances of as-synthesized un-doped and doped α-MnO₂ were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) show that these un-doped and doped α-MnO₂ are nanotube shaped. The band gaps of α-MnO₂ are investigated by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, which indicates that the band gap of α-MnO₂ decreases upon Al doping. The electrochemical performances of un-doped and doped α-MnO₂ as electrode materials for supercapacitors were measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatical charge/discharge tests. The specific capacitances of un-doped and Al-doped α-MnO₂ respectively reach 204.8 and 228.8 F·g^-1under a current density of 50 mA·g^-1. It was discovered that the electrochemical impedance of Al-doped α-MnO₂ was decreased by Al doping analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), which provides a beneficial increase to its electrochemical specific capacitance. Enhanced specific capacitance and preferable cycling stability (up to 1000 cycles) for Al-doped α-MnO₂ mean that these systems are favorable prospects for application in supercapacitors.