微穿孔板几何参数估算及其对吸声性能的影响

不规则孔微穿孔板几何参数无法直接获知,造成吸声性能计算困难,故提出一种微穿孔板几何参数估算方法。将不规则孔等效处理为圆孔,利用马氏理论关于圆孔微穿孔板的基本理论,建立了微穿孔板几何参数估算模型;将参数估算结果用于吸声性能预测,理论计算与实验结果吻合。根据微穿孔板几何参数对高吸声性能区域的影响,探讨了马氏理论适用极限与微穿孔板几何参数的关系,以及微穿孔板受粉尘污染后吸声性能演变规律。将微穿孔板参数点取在面积较大的高吸声性能区域中间部位,可获得较大的马氏理论适用极限;微穿孔板参数点位于高吸声性能区域右上部位时,一定程度的粉尘污染不会降低吸声性能.      

预嵌锂用穿孔集流体对锂离子电容器电化学性能的影响

将石墨涂覆于传统铜箔(CCC)与穿孔铜箔(PCC)集流体表面,通过内部短路的方式进行预嵌锂处理,再以商业化的活性炭及预锂化的石墨分别为正、负极材料组装成锂离子电容器(LIC)。以PCC为集流体的LIC在0.1和2.0 A?g~(-1)的电流密度下,能量密度分别为118.2和51.7 Wh?kg~(-1),并且在0.5 A?g~(-1)的电流密度下循环1000次后的能量密度保持率为90%;以CCC为集流体的LIC在0.1和2.0 A?g~(-1)的电流密度下的能量密度分别为125.5和43.3 Wh?kg~(-1),在同等电流密度下2.0-3.8 V之间循环1000次后的能量密度保持率仅为73.2%。进一步研究表明,石墨采用PCC在预嵌锂的过程中避免了金属锂沉积,生成了均一且稳定的固体电解质膜(SEI),有效防止充放电过程中SEI膨胀,活性物质与集流体间粘结力降低,活性物质脱落等现象发生。因此,LIC通过PCC完成预嵌锂后的自放电及内阻更小,具有更佳的倍率性能和循环性能。     

Oblique Perforation of Thick Metallic Plates by Rigid Projectiles

Oblique perforation of thick metallic plates by rigid projectiles with various nose shapes is studied in this paper. Two perforation mechanisms, i.e., the hole enlargement for a sharp projectile nose and the plugging formation for a blunt projectile nose, are considered in the proposed analytical model. It is shown that the perforation of a thick plate is dominated by several non-dimensional numbers, i.e., the impact function, the geometry function of projectile, the non-dimensional thickness of target and the impact obliquity. Explicit formulae are obtained to predict the ballistic limit, residual velocity and directional change for the oblique perforation of thick metallic plates. The proposed model is able to predict the critical condition for the occurrence of ricochet. The proposed model is validated by comparing the predictions with other existing models and independent experimental data.The English text was polished by Keren Wang     

水下弹性微穿孔吸声结构吸声系数研究

利用模态叠加法建立了水介质微穿孔板的数学模型,基于声电类比法得到其等效电路模型。研究了弹性微穿孔板和弹性背腔对垂直入射吸声系数的影响。与空气介质中的微穿孔板不同,水下微穿孔板因结构阻抗不足,难以取得满意的吸声效果,为此提出了增强型微穿孔吸声结构,并在水介质阻抗管内对理论结果予以验证。结果表明,随着增强型弹性微穿孔板弯曲刚度的增大,其在[20,2000]Hz范围内的平均吸声系数得到提高,逐步趋近于刚性微穿孔板的结果,弹性背板使微穿孔吸声结构的吸声峰向低频移动,低频吸声效果得到提高。      

半柔性大分子链穿越微孔行为的研究

采用动态蒙特卡罗模拟方法，模拟半柔性大分子链在电场作用下穿越纳米孔道进入球腔的输运过程. 主要研究电场强度及半柔性大分子链的刚性强度对穿孔过程的影响.发现：平均穿孔时间τ随电场强度的增大而减小，τ与链的长度N满足标度关系τ~N^α，并且电场强度E和弯曲能b对标度指数有显著影响. 研究结果表明，当电场强度为中等时，刚性弱和刚性强的大分子的穿孔过程是完全不同的. 研究半柔性大分子链穿越微孔的行为，有助于更深入认识生物大分子在生命体内的输运过程.     

薄纤维层对穿孔板的声学影响研究

为了提高附着薄纤维层穿孔板的声学预测精度,通过实验及理论分析方法研究薄纤维层对穿孔板的声学影响。采用声学阻抗管系统测试穿孔饰面板及背腔的吸声系数。测试结果显示,薄纤维层对吸声层的吸声性能具有明显的提高作用。以穿孔板声阻抗模型为基础构建附着薄纤维层的穿孔饰面板等效声阻抗模型,以附加修正参数等效薄纤维层的声学影响。依据吸声系数测试结果计算薄纤维层的等效声学修正参数,结果显示薄纤维层造成的附加阻性修正比较显著。     

微穿孔板和小孔喷注——马大猷教授对声学的特殊贡献

微穿孔板吸声体是马大猷教授提出的一项特殊的设计技术,自上世纪80年代以来被广泛地应用在音质处理和噪声控制中。微穿孔板吸声体是一种无纤维的宽带吸声材料,它不仅能够应用在传统的建筑声学和噪声控制等领域中,更有意义的是它适用于高温、高速气流、高洁净、需要透明采光等一些极端条件下。当微穿孔板后面有一定的空腔时,它可以在低频的几个频程内具有很高的吸声系数。在喷注噪声控制理论方面,马教授根据小孔喷注噪声与其压力和直径的关系,根据人的听觉生理和心理特性,提出了在气流或者蒸汽出口的颈部处设计合适的小孔结构,可以大大减少气流噪声对人的干扰作用可听声频段内的声辐射,降噪量一般来说可以达到20~60 dBA的降噪量。这就是小孔喷注理论。本文回顾了马大猷教授在他学术生涯第二个春天里结出的这两颗硕果——微穿孔板和小孔喷注,关于微穿孔板在声场和声源噪声控制中的声学特性理论,主要回顾和讨论了微穿孔板结构的研究进展及其在噪声控制中的实际应用,以及小孔喷注噪声的主要能量转移到超声波频段内的物理概念,这一概念对现代喷注噪声控制的发展依然具有重要意义。     

Landing gear noise control using perforated fairings

Landing gears of commercial aircraft make an important contribution to total aircraft noise in the approach configuration. Using fairings to shield components from high speed impingement reduces noise. Furthermore, perforating these fairings has been confirmed by flight tests to further enable noise reduction. Following an earlier fundamental study of the application of perforated fairings, a study has been performed to investigate and optimize the benefits of bleeding air through landing gear fairings. By means of wind tunnel tests, an aerodynamic and acoustic survey has been performed on a simplified generic main landing gear to explore the influence of （perforated） fairings on the lower part of the gear. The results show that for this specific case, the application of impermeable fairings reduces noise in the mid- and high frequency range by shielding sharp edged components from high velocity impingement. However, below 1 kHz the noise is shown to increase significantly. Application of the perforations is shown to diminish this low frequency increase whilst maintaining the reduction in the mid- and high frequency range. The aerodynamic and acoustic measurements point in the direction of the separated flow of the fairings interacting with the downstream gear components responsible for the low frequency noise increase. Bleeding of the air through the fairings reduces the large scale turbulence in the proximity of these components and hence diminishes the low frequency noise increase.     

高速摄影法测量破片初速度分布

通过高速摄影相机记录钢靶上的破片穿孔，利用起爆到破片穿靶的关联时间，求出破片的穿靶速度，再通过靶网法计算得到衰减系数α，从而得到每个破片的初速度及破片初速度的分布范围。     

Hybrid device for acoustic noise reduction and energy harvesting based on a silicon micro-perforated panel structure

A kind of hybrid device for acoustic noise reduction and vibration energy harvesting based on the silicon micro- perforated panel （MPP） resonant structure is investigated in the article. The critical parts of the device include MPP and energy harvesting membranes. They are all fabricated by means of silicon micro-electro-mechanical systems （MEMS） tech- nology. The silicon MPP has dense and accurate micro-holes. This noise reduction structure has the advantages of wide band and higher absorption coefficients. The vibration energy harvesting part is formed by square piezoelectric membranes arranged in rows. ZnO material is used as it has a good compatibility with the fabrication process. The MPP, piezo- electric membranes, and metal bracket are assembled into a hybrid device with multifunctions. The device exhibits good performances of acoustic noise absorption and acoustic-electric conversion. Its maximum open circuit voltage achieves 69.41 mV.