不同退火条件对PEALD制备的Ga2O3薄膜特性的影响

利用等离子增强原子层沉积技术(PEALD)在c面蓝宝石衬底上制备了氧化镓(Ga₂O₃)薄膜,研究了退火气氛(v(N₂)∶v(O₂)=1∶1(体积比)、空气和N₂)及退火时间对Ga₂O₃薄膜晶体结构、表面形貌和光学性质的影响。研究结果表明,退火前的氧化镓处于亚稳态,不同退火气氛下退火后晶体结构发生明显改变,而且退火气氛中N₂比例增加有利于Ga₂O₃重结晶。在N₂气氛下退火达到30 min,薄膜结构已由亚稳态转变成择优取向的β-Ga₂O₃。而且表面形貌分析表明,退火30 min后表面形貌开始趋于稳定,表面晶粒密度不再增加。另外实验样品在 400~800 nm的平均透射率几乎是100%,且光吸收边陡峭。采用N₂气氛退火,对于富氧环境下沉积的Ga₂O₃更利于薄膜表面原子迁移,以及择优取向Ga₂O₃重结晶。     

石墨烯负载的氧配位钴单原子稳定金属锂负极

Lithium (Li)-based batteries are the dominant energy source for consumer electronics, grid storage, and electrified transportation. However, the development of batteries based on graphite anodes is hindered by their limited energy density. With its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh∙g⁻¹), low redox potential (−3.04 V), and satisfactorily low density (0.54 g∙cm⁻³), Li metal is the most promising anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. Unfortunately, the limited cycling life and safety issues raised by dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and "dead Li" have inhibited their practical use. An effective strategy is to develop a suitable lithiophilic matrix for regulating initial Li nucleation behavior and controlling subsequent Li growth. Herein, single-atom cobalt coordinated to oxygen sites on graphene (Co-O-G SA) is demonstrated as a Li plating substrate to efficiently regulate Li metal nucleation and growth. Owing to its dense and more uniform lithiophilic sites than single-atom cobalt coordinated to nitrogen sites on graphene (Co-N-G SA), high electronic conductivity, and high specific surface area (519 m²∙g⁻¹), Co-O-G SA could significantly reduce the local current density and promote the reversibility of Li plating and stripping. As a result, the Co-O-G SA based Li anodes exhibited a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% at a current density of 1 mA∙cm⁻² with a capacity of 1 mAh∙cm⁻², and excellent rate capability (high current density of 8 mA∙cm⁻²). Even at a high plating capacity of 6 mAh∙cm⁻², the Co-O-G SA electrode could stably cycle for an ultralong lifespan of 1300 h. In the symmetric battery, the Co-O-G SA based Li anode (Co-O-G SA/Li) possessed a stable voltage profile of 18 mV for 780 h at 1 mA∙cm⁻², and even at a high current density of 3 mA∙cm⁻², its overpotential maintained a small hysteresis of approximately 24 mV for > 550 h. Density functional theory calculations showed that the surface of Co-O-G SA had a stronger interaction with Li atoms with a larger binding energy, −3.1 eV, than that of Co-N-G SA (−2.5 eV), leading to a uniform distribution of metallic Li on the Co-O-G SA surface. More importantly, when matched with a sulfur cathode, the resulting Co-O-G SA/lithium sulfur full batteries exhibited a high capacity of 1002 mAh∙g⁻¹, improved kinetics with a small polarization of 191 mV, and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.036% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 0.5C (1C = 1675 mA∙g⁻¹) with a steady Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%. Therefore, this work provides novel insights into the coordination environment of single atoms for the chemistry of Li metal anodes for high-energy-density batteries.     

原子分子在Pt(100)表面吸附的第一性原理研究

本文系统研究了H、N、O、C、S等原子，N2、NH3、NO、CO等分子和CH3、CH、CH2和OH等自由基在Pt(100)表面的吸附. 从能量上来看，吸附能力从小到大的顺序是N2相似文献   

催化热解-冷原子吸收分光光度法测定大米中的汞含量

建立冷原子吸收分光光度法测定大米中汞含量的方法。采用DMA–80直接测汞仪,大米样品经干燥、分解灰化、还原等过程,直接进入冷原子吸收光谱仪进行测量。干燥温度为200℃,热解温度为650℃。该方法的检出限为0.001 ng/g,加标回收率为85.0%～99.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.25%～3.70%(n=6)。利用标准物质和原子荧光法进行比对试验,测定结果均在误差范围内。该方法测定结果准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于大米中汞含量的测定。     

液体阴极辉光放电原子发射光谱法测定盐矿中的K、Ca、Na、Mg

以铂针尖为阳极,毛细管顶端溢出的液体为阴极,建立了一种新型的液体阴极辉光放电原子发射光谱(LCGD-AES)分析检测系统。利用该系统同时测定了格尔木化肥厂盐矿中K、Ca、Na和Mg的含量。研究了放电电压、溶液流速、电解质种类、溶液pH值、干扰物对发射强度的影响,同时与离子色谱(IC)的测量结果进行比较。结果表明,在放电电压650 V、溶液流速3 m L·min~(-1)、pH 1. 0的HNO3作为电解液时,K、Ca、Na和Mg的检出限(LOD)分别为0. 100 0、0. 048 0、0. 002 4和0. 003 9 mg·L~(-1),相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0. 57%、1. 8%、0. 94%和1. 8%。LCGD-AES对盐矿中K、Ca、Na、Mg的测试结果与IC的测定结果基本一致,样品回收率为95. 4%～108%。     

单原子铂催化剂的制备及其低温催化氧化一氧化碳

以氧化石墨烯为载体，单原子铂（Pt）为活性组分，利用化学还原法制备了单原子Pt/rGO催化剂，用在催化氧化一氧化碳（CO）反应中。通过透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、球差电镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪对单原子Pt催化剂进行表征。考察了金属负载量、反应温度对催化剂性能的影响，利用气相色谱对CO氧化反应性能进行评价。此次实验包含催化剂的制备、表征和性能测试，实验难度适中，贴近科研前沿，可以让学生体验一个综合的科研过程，激发学生的科研兴趣，培养学生的科研能力。     

飞秒激光场中原子所受光学偶极力研究

通过求解全波矢布洛赫方程研究了两能级原子与飞秒超快激光脉冲的相互作用过程,计算了不同拉比频率取值下原子所受光学偶极力和粒子数布居随时间的演化情况,分析了光场失谐量对光学势分布情况的影响.研究发现:由飞秒激光场产生的横向光力的时间平均值并不等于零,而是随着拉比频率的增加呈现振荡的增大趋势;纵向光力的时间平均作用也并非是拉比频率的单调函数,而是随着拉比频率的增加呈现周期性的振荡分布特性;光学势的分布对光场的失谐量具有明显的依赖性,随着失谐量的变化,光学势的性质也随之发生了改变.     

纳米粘土增强环氧树脂复合材料抗原子氧性能的研究

本文采用激光爆破法高能原子氧束源研究了纳米粘土增强环氧树脂复合材料的抗原子氧性能. 研究了四种样品：纯环氧树脂，纳米粘土含量为1 wt%，2 wt%和4 wt%的纳米粘土增强环氧树脂复合材料，结果表明腐蚀深度随着纳米粘土含量的增加而降低，当掺杂纳米粘土含量为4 wt%时，腐蚀深度为纯环氧树脂腐蚀深度的28%∽37%；X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明原子氧轰击后，材料表面C-C/C-H键比例减少，C-O键、酮类比例增加，表面氧化程度增加，掺杂纳米粘土的材料表面生成了新的碳酸盐，掺杂4 wt%纳米粘土的复合材料表面氧化程度增加最小；扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示含有纳米粘土的复合材料表面被原子氧轰击后在纳米粘土团簇处形成了“块状”物质，掺杂4 wt%纳米粘土的复合材料，“块状”物质尺寸和分布密度最大；综合腐蚀深度，XPS，以及SEM结果表明，虽然所有表面都一定程度地被原子氧腐蚀和氧化，但掺杂纳米粘土的复合材料表面由于生成了“块状”物质，阻挡了原子氧进一步腐蚀其下的材料，提高了抗原子氧性能.