细胞呼吸爆发的微量量热学研究

The heat production of Wistar rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was measured by an LKB 2277 Thermal Activity Monitor. When PMN were activited with phorbol-12-myristate13-acetate (PMA), the respiratory burst was recorded by greatly incr eased heat production. Experiment was also carred out in the present of the inhibitor, Total Flavonoids of Lycium Barbarum L. (TFL). The respiratory burst heat production peak was disappeared, but the heat production curve was higher than that of PMA because TFL increased the metabolic activities of PMN.     

Numerical simulation of soft palate movement and airflow in human upper airway by fluid-structure interaction method

In this paper, the authors present airflow field characteristics of human upper airway and soft palate movement attitude during breathing. On the basis of the data taken from the spiral computerized tomography images of a healthy person and a patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS), three-dimensional models of upper airway cavity and soft palate are reconstructed by the method of surface rendering. Numerical simulation is performed for airflow in the upper airway and displacement of soft palate by fluid-structure interaction analysis. The reconstructed three-dimensional models precisely preserve the original configuration of upper airways and soft palate. The results of the pressure and velocity distributions in the airflow field are quantitatively determined, and the displacement of soft palate is presented. Pressure gradients of airway are lower for the healthy person and the airflow distribution is quite uniform in the case of free breathing. However, the OSAHS patient remarkably escalates both the pressure and velocity in the upper airway, and causes higher displacement of the soft palate. The present study is useful in revealing pathogenesis and quantitative mutual relationship between configuration and function of the upper airway as well as in diagnosing diseases related to anatomical structure and function of the upper airway. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10672036, 10472025 and 10421002), the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (20032109). English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

阻塞性肺病与微量元素

慢性阻塞性肺病是一类由于各种内外原因引起的以呼吸气道阻力增高为特征的慢性疾病,包括慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺病气肿和慢性肺源性心脏病。阻塞性肺病与铜、锰、铬、铁有关。有观察显示,慢性阻塞性肺病患者全世界血锰、铜高于正常对照组,全血铬、铁低于正常对照组。另一研究者也发现慢性阻塞性肺病患者的血清铜较正常人高,而锌、铁、硒、铅与正常人无差别。慢性阻塞性肺病患者应补充锌、铁和硒。除寒冷、大气污染、吸烟之外,病毒感染如感冒,细菌感染如流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎球菌及甲型链球菌感染是导致慢性气管炎的重要原因。补充微量元素锌、铁和硒以提高机体免疫力对避免慢性气管炎反复发作至关重要。目前认为,慢性阻塞性肺气肿是许多内外因素综合作用下,肺内蛋白分解酶增多及对该酶类的抑制过程受抑制所造成,且与肺内皮细胞受损有关。气道内的慢性炎症及吸烟能使多型核粒细胞释放较多的自由基而造成肺内皮细胞的损害。硒是重要的抗氧化剂且为抗氧化酶的主要组分。锌通过促进谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的合成,参与自由基反应所产生的过氧化物的清除。所以硒、锌皆有保护肺内皮细胞免受自由基损害的作用。硒锌氨基酸口服液是合适的微量元素补充剂。阻塞性肺病与微量元素@颜世铭     

向列相液晶中强非局域空间光孤子的实验观察

通过实验对向列相液晶中的非局域空间光孤子的传输进行了研究。理论上基于非线性的液晶孤子传输方程,采用高斯形式的试探解,得到了孤子传输的解析解,以及对液晶中的非局域孤子和Snyder等提出的强非局域孤子模型的结果进行了比较。实验上,观察了空间光孤子在向列相液晶中的传输,找到了不同束宽下空间光孤子的临界功率。比如束宽为2μm时临界功率为2.0mW。观察了向列相液晶中空间光孤子的弛豫过程,并注意到液晶分子的响应时间长达几秒钟,液晶中的孤子形成速度较慢。     

一个跨音风扇级转/静干扰流动的时间精确模拟

本文采用双时间步法,较为方便地将孤立叶排定常流场求解拓广为转／静干扰非定常流场时间精确求解,而且该流场时间精确求解方法收敛速度较作者最初工作有较大提高．文章通过对一跨音风扇级非定常流场时间精确模拟,对叶轮机非定常流动建立了一定理解．     

语言通信中的一些声学问题

一、概 述 语言通信是研究两处或多处进行语言信息交换的学科.电话通信是语言通信中的一种最主要的手段,它与语言声学、生理声学、电声学和建筑声学等有着密切的关系.本文扼要介绍电话通信中经常遇到的一些声学问题. 二、电话传输质量的主观评价 电话传输系统的传输质量主观评价标准和     

向列相液晶中强非局域空间光孤子传输的理论研究

对向列相液晶中非局域空间孤子的传输进行了理论研究.基于非线性液晶孤子传输方程，采用Gauss形式的试探解，不仅得到了空间孤子的解析解,而且还在临界功率附近得到了呼吸子的解析解.通过数值模拟证明我们的结果比Conti和Assanto等人的结果更合理.同时，对液晶中的非局域孤子模型和Snyder等提出的强非局域孤子模型进行了全面的比较. 关键词： 向列相液晶 空间孤子 非局域非线性 呼吸子     

华伯（Warburg，Otto Heinrich，1883—1970）德国生物化学家（Biochemist，Germany）

华伯因对细胞呼吸的研究而获1931年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖。他在20世纪20年代早期已研究活机体细胞内氧气消耗的过程，采用测压法以研究活组织切片的吸氧率，搞清了细胞色素的作用。1932年分离出第一种黄酶——参与细胞脱氢反应的黄索蛋白，发现黄酶是与一种非蛋白质成分（今称辅酶）黄素腺嘌呤二核苷协同起作用的。1935年发现另一种亦参与生物脱氢的辅酶（今称尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷）的成分中包含尼克酰胺。     

Existence and Stability of Compact-Like Discrete Breather in Discrete One-Dimensional Monatomic Chains

Compact-like discrete breathers in discrete one-dimensional monatomic chains are investigated by discussing a generalized discrete one-dimensional monatomic model. It is proven that compact-like discrete breathers exist not only in soft Ф^4 potential but also in hard Ф^4 potential and K4 chains. The measurements of compact-like discrete breathers＇ core in soft and hard Ф^4 potential are determined by coupling parameter K4, while the measurements of compact-like discrete breathers＇ core in K4 chains are not related to coupling parameter K4. The stabilities of compact-like discrete breathers correlate closely to coupling parameter K4 and the boundary condition of lattice.     

空气呼吸模式CO2激光等离子体光谱观察

为了了解采用脉冲CO₂激光推进空气呼吸模式时光船参数等对产生等离子体的影响，介绍了利用实验室自行研制的紫外预电离TEA CO₂激光器进行的激光等离子体实验。实验采用底面直径为60mm、焦距为5mm和10mm的抛物面光船。介绍了空气呼吸模式激光等离子体的谱和明显的特征谱线，以及等离子体的时间演化过程。结果表明：空气呼吸模式等离子体的持续时间约为20μs，在6μs左右时信号强度达到最大值；激光脉冲作用后，信号迅速衰减；10mm光船产生的等离子体信号峰值和持续时间均略长于5mm光船的。