氢氧化钠-氟硅酸铵改性HZSM-5催化甲醇制丙烯

A sequential modification by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonium hexafluorosilicate ((NH₄)₂SiF₆) solution was used for preparing MTP (methanol to propylene reaction) catalyst for the first time. The parent and modified samples were characterized by diverse techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, N₂ adsorption-desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and NH₃ temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD). The effect of modification on the physicochemical properties, such as framework, chemical composition, texture, and acidity, were investigated in detail. The results showed that the mesopore volume of the zeolite catalyst increased significantly following sequential NaOH and (NH₄)₂SiF₆ modification. The acidity was also modulated effectively. The composite modification method successfully overcame the disadvantages associated with individual simple alkali and (NH₄)₂SiF₆ treatments. For instance, using a simple alkali treatment would destroy the framework of the zeolite easily, whereas using a simple (NH₄)₂SiF₆ treatment would only modify the external surface of the zeolite owing to the limited diffusion of the ammonium hexafluorosilicate molecule. When used in MTP reaction, the induction period of the composite modified sample was greatly shortened, and the initial selectivity for propylene increased to 43% under the following operating conditions: T=470 ℃, p=0.1 MPa (p_MeOH=50 kPa), and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV)=2 h^-1. Moreover, the composite modified zeolite catalyst exhibited significantly improved stability, and the catalytic lifespan was triple that of the parent sample.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中4种全氟烷基醇

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定棉、羊毛、涤纶等纺织品中1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟-1-己醇(4∶2 FTOH)、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟-1-辛醇(6∶2 FTOH)、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟-1-癸醇(8∶2 FTOH)、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟-1-十二烷醇(10∶2 FTOH) 4种全氟烷基醇(FTOHs)的分析方法。样品用甲醇超声波提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化后,采用Acquity UPLC BEH-C_(18)色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以甲醇-0.01%氨水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾电离,负离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明:4种目标物的定量限(LOQ,以信噪比10计)为0.01～0.1 mg/kg,线性相关系数均大于0.99,回收率为84.1%～99.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.7%～8.9%。该方法快速、操作简便、灵敏高,适用于纺织品中FTOHs的定量和确证分析。     

欧盟可能限制使用全氟辛酸及相关物质

<正>德国与挪威合作,计划于2014年10月17日就全氟辛酸提交一份文件,称为《附件XV限制资料文件》。该份文件根据《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制法规》(REACH法规)附件XV内的相关资料规定汇编而成。2014年3月5日,欧洲化学品管理局(ECHA)宣布,德国与挪威政府已展开一项资料收集工作,以确定全氟辛酸及     

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺结构泡沫的极低温环境稳定性

采用甲基丙烯腈(MAN)与甲基丙烯酸(MAA)作为共聚单体,通过自由基本体共聚合反应首先制备MAN-MAA共聚树脂板;然后,经加热发泡得到聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)硬质闭孔结构泡沫.研究发现,所制备PMI泡沫在室温下具有优良的力学性能、耐热性能及隔热性能;经液氢(LH₂：-253℃)和液氧(LO₂：-183℃)极低温环境处理1 h后,PMI泡沫仍表现出优良的化学结构及综合性能稳定性;在-150℃下,PMI泡沫的压缩强度和压缩模量高于室温(25℃),拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到室温的70%和48%.     

钴(Ⅱ)酞菁全氟化策略用于提升非贵金属体系中光催化还原CO2性能(英文)

将CO₂还原成含碳能源或化学品,不仅能够缓解温室气体造成的危害,也是实现“双碳”目标的有效途径.为了有效避免竞争性的产氢反应和克服CO₂的惰性,需要合适的催化剂提高还原产物CO₂的选择性,并促进反应的快速进行.由于以过渡金属配合物为主的分子型催化剂具备已知的清晰结构,且具有丰富多变的氧化还原性质,有助于进行结构优化、分离催化中间体和机理分析,分子型CO₂还原催化剂目前受到了广泛关注.另一方面,利用地壳储量丰富的非贵金属替代珍贵的4d和5d过渡金属来制备分子催化剂有利于降低制备成本,实现大规模应用.因此,设计和优化非贵金属分子催化剂用于光催化CO₂还原是非常有必要的.目前主要的优化方法包括调控电子效应、调控配体共轭程度、设置质子传递中心和设置库仑相互作用等.其中,通过添加给电子/吸电子取代基团来调节配体骨架的电子性质,可以有效调节金属中心的电子密度,从而改善分子催化剂的氧化还原性质.然而,采取该策略可能会导致催化活性和过电位间的此消彼长,限制了催化剂的提升空间.因此,电子效应调控...     

加热状态选择对近沸体系丙烯/丙烷分离能耗影响的探讨

以近沸体系丙烯/丙烷分离为例介绍了化工模拟软件Aspen Plus在化工原理精馏单元的应用,研究了加热状态选择对能耗和年总费用的影响.为了提高学生工程实践能力,探讨了泡点、露点、过冷、过热、气液混合(气化率0.5)等5种进料状态分离丙烯/丙烷对能耗和经济费用的影响,在塔板数、进料板进料温度与压力、塔顶丙烯出料纯度不变条件下,过冷进料的常规工艺流程和泡点塔顶蒸气再压缩热泵工艺流程能耗和年度总费用(TAC)最小.相比常规工艺流程,塔顶蒸气再压缩热泵精馏工艺流程泡点进料可节能65％,年费用节约56％.     

碳前驱体在全氟磺酸型碳基固体酸材料设计中的影响

Perfluorosulfonic acid functionalized carbon-based solid acid catalysts were prepared by liquid deposition of perfluorosulfonic acid-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) copolymer using carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon molecular sieves, and nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon as precursors. The obtained catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and potentiometric titration. Their catalytic behavior in the Friedel-Crafts (F-C) alkylation of anisole was also investigated. It was found that the surface area of the precursor and its interaction with perfluorosulfonic acid play important roles in the preparation of highly active catalysts. The highest activity as well as the best stability was observed over perfluorosulfonic acid functionalized nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon.     

二甲基—γ—全氟辛酰氧丙基硅烷自组装膜的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

利用分子自组装技术 ,用含有全氟烷基的氯硅烷作为前驱体 ,在活化玻璃表面制备了二甲基 -γ-全氟辛酰氧丙基硅烷单分子膜 ;用 X射线光电子能谱仪对组装膜表面的几种特征元素及其化学环境进行了表征 ;采用接触角测定仪测定了蒸馏水在自组装薄膜表面的接触角 ,在动静摩擦磨损试验机上评价了薄膜同 GCr1 5钢球对摩时的摩擦磨损性能 .结果表明 :所制备的自组装膜的表面自由能很低 ,具有很好的疏水 -疏油性 ,其对水的接触角高达 1 1 0°;二甲基 -γ-全氟辛酰氧丙基硅烷组装膜可以降低基片的摩擦系数 ,而且在较低负荷下具有很好的耐磨性