干涉法测量低频表面波的衰减系数

对于频率为几十赫兹的低频衰减液体表面波，结合激光干涉法和激光扫描法，实验得到反衬度很高的调制干涉图样，理论上给出了干涉图样的条纹宽度，条纹分布范围与表面声波振幅之间的解析关系，实时测量了液体表面波的衰减系数.  

浑水的声衰减

黄河水含有大量悬浮细粉沙,它是一种泥沙混合物的悬浮液,声波在其中传播时有严重的衰减.无论是从声波在浑水介质中传播的物理研究,还是从黄河治理所用的水声设备角度来说。研究并实际测量黄河浑水介质的声衰减都是一项有意义的工作.若在黄河现场进行较全面的声波衰减的测量,是有很大的困难性和局限性的,这就有必要在实验室内人为的制造“黄河浑水”.为此,我们从八二年的下半年开始筹备。经过半年多的努力,从制造浑水到实际测量,现已告一段落.  

声波衰减的数值模拟

为了采用计算流体力学方法对热声制冷机进行数值模拟,以突破热声热机现有计算方法的限制,基于压力修正算法的基本思想开发了用于模拟非稳态小马赫数可压缩流动的数值程序,并将其应用于声波衰减的数值模拟.对一维及二维声波衰减过程的模拟显示,数值计算的结果与声学理论的预测符合良好,说明了方法的正确性.  

Characterization of electro-acoustics impedance and its application to active noise control

Characteristics of radiation impedance and its inducing variation of electrical impedance for a controllable source have been investigated. An impedance-based error criterion has been proposed and its application to Active Noise Control is demonstrated through a coil driven loudspeaker. A general formula of radiation impedance is derived for two control strategies, according to the criterion of total acoustic power output. The radiation impedances of some commonly used sound sources are calculated. We discuss in detail the relation between variation of the input electrical impedance and radiation impedance for the two control strategies. The measured data of the input electrical impedance from a loudspeaker agree fairly well with theoretical analysis. An AC- bridge circuit is designed in order to measure the weak variation of electrical impedance resulted from radiation impedance. The bridge relative output is unique for a certain control strategy, from which an impedance-based error criterion is then proposed and the implementation of its application to an active control system is analyzed. Numerical results of such criterion are presented. An analogue control system is set up and experiments are carried out in a semi-anechoic chamber to verify the new control approach.  

双轴压缩下干操与饱水岩石中超声衰减的实验研究

本文在分析前人研究成果的基础上,建立了岩石试件双轴加载超声波衰减测试系统,编制了数据处理用的程序。作者用脉冲传播频谱比方法,对砂岩和辉绿岩试件进行了声波衰减与应力关系的实验研究,通过近百次实验,取得了一些有价值的数据。 实验结果表明,在双轴压缩下,Q值随差应力的变化规律,不同于单轴压缩下或静水压力下,Q值的变化规律。在一定的侧压力下,声衰减的Q值随主应力增加而迅速增加,到一定压力后,Q值反而略有下阵,直至极限应力时,Q值趋于稳定值。另外,随恻向应力的增加,Q值随主应力增加而增加的幅度逐渐变小。对不同的岩石Q值随差应力的变化率与岩石种类、孔隙率和饱水度有关。 本文介绍的声衰减测量方法,可以在岩体工程的应力测试和岩石力学研究中推广应用。  

声波的吸收与反射

测量声波幅度随传播距离变化的实验曲线,用波动学的观点分析实验数据,考虑到吸收和反射等耗散因素,计算出空气的吸收系数和换能器的反射系数.