Aqueous-processed insulating polymer/nanocrystal solar cells with effective suppression of the leakage current and carrier recombination

As one of the most environmentally friendly photovoltaic(PV) conversion equipments,aqueousprocessed CdTe nanocrystal solar cells(NC SCs) have attracted great interest in recent years because of their excellent properties such as high charge-carrier mobility and broad absorption.However,two issues including interfacial recombination and leakage current seriously restrict their performance.In this paper,insulating polymer poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP) is introduced into CdTe NC SCs to solve the problems.The experimental results of transmission electron microscopy(TEM),atomic force micro scopy(AFM) and dark current measurements,etc.,demonstrate the leakage current is effectively suppressed by introducing PVP.Through further designing device structure,the reduction of interfacial recombination after introducing PVP is confirmed.By strategically taking the advantages of PVP properties(e.g.,water solubility and thermostability),the power conversion efficiency of the devices with PVP is enhanced by almost 37% compared to pure CdTe devices.This work demonstrates an effective and low-cost method to fabricate NC SCs via aqueous route.Moreover,it also proves that appropriate content of insulating polymer is of beneficial in promoting the PV performance.     

长杆高速侵彻问题研究进展

由高密度金属制成的长杆弹在1.5$\sim$3.0km/s的下具有很强的侵彻和贯穿能力,长杆高速侵彻问题现已成为穿甲侵彻领域的研究热点.本文综述了长杆高速侵彻问题的最新研究进展,首先介绍了长杆高速侵彻的基本概念、研究方法和理论模型;其次重点论述了研究中关注的突出问题与应用, 包括弹靶材料性质、长杆弹头部形状、长径比效应与分段杆设计、陶瓷靶抵抗长杆侵彻与界面击溃和非理想长杆侵彻;最后对未来的研究工作提出一些建议.      

Determination of 90Sr in different matrices via ion-exchange chromatography and LSC

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - A cation-exchange chromatographic method was utilized to isolate strontium. The interference of recovery yield, calcium and magnesium, and the...     

Molecular Bridging Enables Isolated Iron Atoms on Stereoassembled Carbon Framework To Boost Oxygen Reduction for Zinc-Air Batteries

Realizing the synergy between active site regulation and rational structural engineering is essential in the electrocatalysis community but still challenging. Here, a matrix-confined co-pyrolysis strategy based on molecular bridging is demonstrated to realize highly dispersed Fe atoms on stereoassembled carbon framework. Both polyacrylonitrile matrix and organic linker from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide sufficient N-anchoring sites for the generation of Fe−N₄ moieties. A high Fe loading of 2.9 wt.% is readily achieved based on the scalable approach without post-treatment. Owing to the presence of highly exposed Fe−N−C sites and well-tuned pore structures, isolated Fe atoms on porous carbon nanofiber framework (Fe−SA/NCF) exhibits decent oxygen reduction activity and stability in alkaline conditions via a near four-electron path, demonstrating superior performance as air cathode for zinc-air batteries (ZABs) to commercial Pt/C catalyst.     

Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide and Propylene Oxide via a Heterogeneous Prussian Blue Analogue Catalyst with High Productivity and Selectivity

This study demonstrates the superiority of a stable and well-defined heterogeneous cobalt hexacyanocobaltate (Co₃[Co(CN)₆]₂), a typical cobalt Prussian Blue Analogue (CoCo-PBA) that catalyzes the copolymerization of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and propylene oxide (PO) to produce poly(propylene monothiocarbonate)s (PPMTC). The number-average molecular weights of the PPMTC were 66.4 to 139.4 kg/mol, with a polydispersity of 2.0–3.9. The catalyst productivity reached 1040 g polymer/g catalyst (12.0 h). The oxygen-sulfur exchange reaction (O/S ER), which would generate random thiocarbonate and carbonate units, was effectively suppressed, and thus the selectivity of the monothiocarbonate over carbonate linkages was up to >99%. It was shown that no cyclic thiocarbonate byproduct was produced during the heterogeneous catalysis of COS/PO copolymerization using CoCo-PBA as the catalyst. The content of monothiocarbonate and ether units in the copolymer chain could be regulated by tuning the feeding amount of COS.     

Diaminodiacid Bridges to Improve Folding and Tune the Bioactivity of Disulfide‐Rich Peptides

Disulfide‐rich peptides containing three or more disulfide bonds are promising therapeutic and diagnostic agents, but their preparation is often limited by the tedious and low‐yielding folding process. We found that a single cystine‐to‐diaminodiacid replacement could significantly increase the folding efficiency of disulfide‐rich peptides and thus improve their production yields. The practicality of this strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis and folding of derivatives of the μ‐conotoxin SIIIA, the preclinical hormone hepcidin, and the trypsin inhibitor EETI‐II. NMR and X‐ray crystallography studies confirmed that these derivatives of disulfide‐rich peptide retained the correct three‐dimensional conformations. Moreover, the cystine‐to‐diaminodiacid replacement enabled structural tuning, thereby leading to an EETI‐II derivative with higher bioactivity than the native peptide.     

氧化铝多孔膜振动性能的实验研究

电化学氧化法制备的氧化铝多孔膜有六角规则密排的纳米孔,其优良的结构特点使其具有良好的用途,可应用于微粒物质分离,氧化剂的载体,微电子机械系统的组件和纳米器件等。在前期研究了这种氧化铝膜的力学性能如拉伸性能和弯曲性能的基础上,本文实验研究了这种氧化铝多孔膜的振动特性即共振频率特性和振动模态,估算了该氧化铝多孔膜的相当弹性模量,与其他方法测得的相当弹性模量基本一致。     

主动移频式动力吸振器及其动力特性的研究

动力吸振器是振动控制中比较有效的减振装置,只要吸振器(子系统)的振动固有频率与振动物体(主系统)的振动频率相同,即可有效地消除主系统的振动。但传统动力吸振器的控制频率带宽较窄,限制了其稳定性和减振效果的提高。本文通过独特的机械设计,研制了一种可以通过调节自身的几何参数,使得其固有频率随几何参数线性变化的主动移频的新型动力吸振器,并初步设定了相应的控制方法。文中还对其动力学特性进行了理论分析和实验测试,分析了它的机理,评估了它的实际减振效果。研究结果表明该吸振器可以大范围调节自身固有频率,有效拓宽吸振频带,具有良好的减振性能和稳定性。     

负温钢纤维混凝土受压损伤过程的实验研究

利用岩石力学试验系统(RMT)对负温下钢纤维混凝土进行了单轴压缩实验,测得了-5℃、-10℃、-15℃、-20℃下钢纤维混凝土的应力-应变曲线、杨氏模量、极限应力、泊松比等。实验结果表明材料的强度、杨氏模量随温度的下降而上升,尤其是当温度由-10℃下降至-15℃时,这些物理量变化特别显著,之后它们将逐渐趋于某一稳定值。本文对钢纤维混凝土力学性能的温度效应进行了分析并对实验结果进行了细观上的讨论。最后针对负温钢纤维混凝土应力-应变曲线的特点,基于塑性力学和损伤力学理论,建立了负温钢纤维混凝土的含损伤本构方程。该方程物理概念清晰,形式简单,具有一定的应用参考价值。     

应用数字图像相关方法测量含缺陷试样的全场变形

利用数字图像相关方法测量表面带孔洞、裂纹、缺口等缺陷试样的全场变形是许多实际测量任务中经常遇到的问题。就此问题，本文阐述了一种先对要避免计算的缺陷区域进行标记，在随后进行的相关计算中直接避免这些标记区域的方法。在已计算得到全场位移的情况下，文中提出了基于局部位移场最小二乘拟合的方法来计算区域边界、孔洞、裂纹或缺口附近等区域应变。最后对单侧边带半圆缺口试样的单向疲劳拉伸实验的计算结果充分显示本文方法的有效性和可靠性。