Evaluation of Charged Defect Energy in Two-Dimensional Semiconductors for Nanoelectronics: The WLZ Extrapolation Method

Defects play a central role in controlling the electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials and realizing the industrialization of 2D electronics. However, the evaluation of charged defects in 2D materials within first-principles calculation is very challenging and has triggered a recent development of the WLZ (Wang, Li, Zhang) extrapolation method. This method lays the foundation of the theoretical evaluation of energies of charged defects in 2D materials within the first-principles framework. Herein, the vital role of defects for advancing 2D electronics is discussed, followed by an introduction of the fundamentals of the WLZ extrapolation method. The ionization energies (IEs) obtained by this method for defects in various 2D semiconductors are then reviewed and summarized. Finally, the unique defect physics in 2D dimensions including the dielectric environment effects, defect ionization process, and carrier transport mechanism captured with the WLZ extrapolation method are presented. As an efficient and reasonable evaluation of charged defects in 2D materials for nanoelectronics and other emerging applications, this work can be of benefit to the community.     

Controlling the surface buckling wrinkles by patterning the material system of hard-nano-film/soft-matter-substrate

Wrinkling and buckling of nano-films on the compliant substrate are always induced due to thermal deformation mismatch.This paper proposes effective means to control the surface wrinkling of thin film on the compliant substrate,which exploits the curvatures of the curve cracks designed on the stiff film.The procedures of the method are summarized as:1)curve patterns are fabricated on the surface of PDMS(Polydimethylsiloxane)substrate and then the aluminum film with the thickness of several hundred nano-meters is deposited on the substrate;2)the curve patterns are transferred onto the aluminum film and lead to cracking of the film along the curves.The cracking redistributes the stress in the compressed film on the substrate;3)on the concave side of the curve,the wrinkling of the film surface is suppressed to be identified as shielding effect and on the convex side the wrinkling of the film surface is induced to be identified as inductive effect.The shielding and inductive effects make the dis-ordered wrinkling and buckling controllable.This phenomenon provides a potential application in the fabrication of flexible electronic devices.     

基于液晶体的大错位量散斑相移技术研究

系统地分析了大错位量散斑干涉术测量离面位移的原理,并结合晶体光学理论详细分析液晶体的相移过程．同时从理论上剖析了沃拉斯顿棱镜的错位机理,从而构造出一种新的基于液晶体实现大错位量散斑相移技术的测试系统。采用该检测系统对结构实体混凝土在不同养护时间情况下的力学行为进行测试研究。实验结果揭示：随着养护时间的增加,混凝土结构的力学性能指标也相应增加,但在养护21天后,混凝土结构材料的弹性模量和结构强度都达到某一稳定值(即标准试样在同等养护条件下的实验室测量值)。并且也发现该技术使用方便,检测时受环境的影响小,可以实现现场在线原位实时无损检测,并能够得到非常真实的检测结果,从而可以实现更精确的定量计算。     

An immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann flux solver and its applications to fluid–structure interaction problems

An immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann flux solver (IB–LBFS) for the simulation of two-dimensional fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems is presented in this paper. The IB–LBFS applies the fractional-step method to split the overall solution process into the predictor step and the corrector step. In the predictor step, the intermediate flow field is predicted by applying the LBFS (lattice Boltzmann flux solver) without considering the presence of immersed object. The LBFS applies the finite volume method to solve N–S (Navier–Stokes) equations for the flow variables at cell centers. At each cell interface, the LBFS evaluates its viscous and inviscid fluxes simultaneously through local reconstruction of the LBE (lattice Boltzmann equation) solutions. In the corrector step, the intermediate flow field is corrected by the implicit boundary condition-enforced immersed boundary method (IBM) so that the no-slip boundary conditions can be accurately satisfied. The IB–LBFS effectively combines the advantages of the LBFS in solving the flow field and the flexibility of the IBM in dealing with boundary conditions. Consequently, the IB–LBFS presents a much simpler and more effective approach for simulating complex FSI problems on non-uniform grids. Several test cases, including flows past one and two cylinders with prescribed motions, are firstly simulated to examine the accuracy of present solver. After that, two strongly coupled fluid–structure interaction problems, i.e., particle sedimentations and vortex-induced vibrations of a circular cylinder are investigated. Good agreements between the present results and those in literature verify the capability and flexibility of IB–LBFS for simulating FSI problems.     

Fourier变换光谱学的一种光谱分辨率增强方法

本文提出了一种基于特征值分析与线性拟合 (EALF)的超分辨率谱估计方法。其实质是在光谱的Fourier变换域内进行信号处理 ,以使复原谱的分辨率突破仪器函数的限制。EALF由总体最小二乘参数估计、特征值分析频率估计和最小二乘拟合振幅估计三个步骤来实现。本文将介绍EALF谱估计的原理 ,通过仿真实验验证原理的正确性 ,讨论关键技术 ,并总结EALF相对于其他Fourier变换光谱分辨率增强技术的主要优点。     

INVESTIGATION ON THE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE TRIPOD-BALL SLIDING JOINT WITH CLEARANCE IN A CRANK-SLIDER MECHANISM. PART 1. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Clearance is inevitable in the kinematic joints of mechanisms. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a crank-slider mechanism with clearance in its tripod-ball sliding joint is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The mathematical model of this new-type of joint is established, and the new concepts of basal system and active system are put forward. Based on the mode-change criterion established in this paper, the consistent equations of motion in full-scale are derived by using Kane method. The experimental rig was set up to measure the effects of the clearance on the dynamic response. The dynamic responses including additional motion, input torque and acceleration have been obtained, and the effects of the clearance size and driving speed have also been investigated by both analytical and experimental means. Corresponding experimental studies verify the theoretical results satisfactorily.     

Fabrication and efficiency measurement of a multilayer-coated ion-beam-etched laminar grating for extreme ultraviolet region

We fabricate and measure a multilayer-coated ion-beam-etched laminar grating for the extreme ultraviolet wavelength region. The fabrication process is carefully controlled so that the grating groove and multilayercoating parameters well meet the design targets. At an incident angle of 10°, the peak diffraction efficiency of the ＋1st order is 20.6% at 14.56 nm and that of the -1st order is 22.1% at 14.65 nm, both close to the theoretical limits.     

溶胶凝胶方法制备纳米氧化钌的超电容特性

采用溶胶凝胶方法制备了具有纳米尺度和多孔特征的氧化钌超电容器活性材料,探讨了烧结温度对电极材料的晶体结构,颗粒大小及电化学特性的影响．结合热失重分析、扫描电镜、循环伏安测试等方法探讨了溶胶凝胶法制备钌产物的组成及在高温条件下发生的分解过程和相应产物．钌氧化物材料经过210℃烧结处理后具有541 F／g的电化学容量,由其组成的超电容器具有67 J/g的能量密度．采用高导电乙炔黑作为载体制备了氧化钌／乙炔黑复合电极材料,当乙炔黑含量为10％时,电极材料的比容量达到802 F/g,采用该电极材料组成的电化学电容器具有100 J／g的能量密度且表现了良好的高功率放电特性．     

聚苯胺在电化学电容器中的应用

采用化学氧化聚和法制备了聚苯胺电极材料,所制备的聚苯胺具有高于420F/g的法拉第赝电容和良好的电化学特性.分别采用聚苯胺作为正极材料,高比容量活性碳作为负极,38%硫酸作为电解液制备了复合型电化学电容器.复合型电容器工作电压达到1.4V,最大电容器比容量达到57F/g,最大比能量达到15.5Wh/kg.电容器200mA/cm2放电条件下真实功率达到2.8W/g,峰值比功率达到20.4W/g.循环工作寿命超过1000次.     

The analysis of the product-and sum-type multi-exposure synthetic holograms

The Fourier spectrum and diffraction efficiency of product- and sum-type multi-exposure synthetic holograms are analysed. The theoretical considerations are verified experimentally.