砂土串囊式充气锚杆承载力的研究

在砂土地层中,串囊式充气锚杆的研究还比较少,其承载特性及受力机理尚不明确。本文基于莫尔-库仑模型和Vesic圆孔扩张理论法,分别对圆柱体、球体、组合体、椭球体假设下的串囊式充气锚杆的扩大段进行计算分析。并将计算结果与试验得到的实测值进行对比。结果表明:四种形状假设中椭球体的形状假设理论值与实测值的误差最小,仅为8.35%。通过拟合试验数据,并引入与端阻力和侧摩阻力有关的两个系数对承载力公式进行修正,得到了抗拔承载力的经验公式。     

Point and interval forecasting for carbon price based on an improved analysis-forecast system

Effective analysis and forecasting of carbon prices, which is an essential endeavor for the carbon trading market, is still considered a difficult task because of the nonlinearity and nonstationarity inherent in carbon prices. Previous studies have failed at the analysis and interval prediction of carbon prices and are limited to point forecasts. Therefore, an improved carbon price analysis and forecasting system that consists of an analysis module and a forecasting module is established in this study; more importantly, the forecasting module includes point forecasting and interval forecasting as well. Aimed at investigating the characteristics of the carbon price series, a chaotic analysis based on the maximum Lyapunov exponent is performed, the determination of appropriate distribution functions based on our newly proposed hybrid optimization algorithm is conducted, and different distribution functions are effectively designed in the analysis module. Furthermore, in the point forecasting model, the phase space reconstruction technique is applied to reconstruct the sequences decomposed by variational mode decomposition due to the chaotic characteristics of the carbon price series, and the reconstructed sequences are considered as the optimal input–output variables of the forecasting model. Then, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model is trained by the newly proposed hybrid optimization algorithm, which is developed for the first time in the domain of carbon price point forecasting. Moreover, based on the results of point forecasting and the distribution function of the carbon price series determined by the analysis module, the interval forecasting results can be obtained and implemented to provide more reliable information for decision making. Empirical results based on the carbon price data of the European Union Emissions Trading System and Shenzhen of China demonstrate that the proposed system achieves better results than other benchmark models in point forecasting as well as interval forecasting.     

Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Sc3N@C80‐Corrole Electron Donor–Acceptor Conjugate

Embedding endohdedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) into electron donor–acceptor systems is still a challenging task owing to their limited quantities and their still largely unexplored chemical properties. In this study, we have performed a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of a corrole‐based precursor with Sc₃N@C₈₀ to regioselectively form a [5,6]‐adduct ( 1 ). The successful attachment of the corrole moiety was confirmed by mass spectrometry. In the electronic ground state, absorption spectra suggest sizeable electronic communications between the electron acceptor and the electron donor. Moreover, the addition pattern occurring at a [5,6]‐bond junction is firmly proven by NMR spectroscopy and electrochemical investigations performed with 1 . In the electronically excited state, which is probed in photophysical assays with 1 , a fast electron‐transfer yields the radical ion pair state consisting of the one‐electron‐reduced Sc₃N@C₈₀ and of the one‐electron‐oxidized corrole upon its exclusive photoexcitation. As such, our results shed new light on the practical work utilizing EMFs as building blocks in photovoltaics.     

d-Orbital Reconstructions Forced by Double Bow-Shaped Deformations and Second Coordination Sphere Effects of Cu(II) Heme Analogs in HER**

Both geometric architecture and electronic configurations of heme proteins contribute to its activity. In this work we designed and synthesized a series of four copper(II) porphyrin complexes ( 4 -, 3 -, 2 - and 1 -Cu) where the molecular conformations are modulated by a pair of stepwise shortened straps on the same porphyrin side (cis-ortho) to give double bow-shaped skeletons. Single crystal structures demonstrate that the straps gradually increase the saddle deformation and the deviation of the metal centers, which is in accordance with two, unusual d-orbital reconstructions of two different ground states, as revealed by 4 K EPR and DFT calculations. In the study of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), 1 -Cu, with the shortest straps, showed the most apparent improvement of activity. Second coordination sphere (SCS) effects created by the double bow-shaped architecture and the strong saddle porphyrin core in 1 -Cu are found to play key roles in proton trapping during the catalytic process. The work contributes a novel strategy to improve the catalytic performance of heme analogs through ligand geometric modulation.     

Theoretical and experimental studies on a compact stretcher with large spectral bandwidth and high transmission efficiency

To ensure safe and effective amplification for the chirped pulse amplification laser facility, many factors such as pulse spectral width, pulse duration, grating parameters and incidence angle parameter are considered carefully in the design of the pulse stretcher. A compact four pass Offner stretcher design is given out. Experiment results show that the stretcher has broad spectral width, large stretching ratio and high transmission efficiency. By comparison, the calculated result of the dispersion effect on the pulse duration is completely consistent with the experiment result.     

Electrochemical C–H/N–H cross-coupling of 2-phenylindolizines with phenothiazines to synthesize novel N-aryl phenothiazine derivatives

A facile and elegant method for synthesis of novel N–aryl phenothiazine derivatives from 2-phenylindolizines and phenothiazines through direct electrochemical oxidation has been developed. This approach was performed smoothly at room temperature without external oxidant and catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry and in situ FTIR techniques were applied to analyze the cross-coupling process of phenothiazines and 2-phenylindolizines, which helped to select the appropriate reaction potential. Under the optimized conditions, a broad range of substrates were well tolerated, affording the desired products in moderate to excellent isolated yields (up to 91%) with high regioselectivity. Meanwhile, a plausible mechanism involving a radical pathway has been proposed.     

物理化学在线课程教学设计与实践——以热力学第二定律与卡诺热机为例*

提出在线课程应立足于对线下课堂教学内容的疏导、梳理、凝练和升华,并以“热力学第二定律与卡诺热机”在线课程为例进行介绍。采用问题链形式引导学生从卡诺热机推导热力学第二定律数学表达式,阐明了卡诺热机在热力学第二定律形成过程中的重要作用和地位,强调了卡诺对于热力学的重要贡献,培养了学生探究精神和学科素养。为在线课程提供了教学案例和设计思路。     

配体对钯纳米催化剂的形成及其电活性的影响

分别在EDTA,甘氨酸(Gly)和木质素磺酸钠(Ls)存在下,以硼氢化钠为还原剂,将Pd²⁺还原为Pd纳米颗粒并负载在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)表面。采用扫描电镜(SEM),透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对纳米Pd催化剂的形貌和微结构进行了表征。结果表明:EDTA存在时,所形成的Pd纳米颗粒(Pd-EDTA/MWCNT)的粒径更小,在MWCNT上的分散度更高。采用循环伏安(CV)和计时伏安技术(CA),研究了催化剂在碱性环境中对乙醇的电催化活性。在碱性溶液中对乙醇氧化的电化学研究表明:在Pd-EDTA/MWCNT催化剂上,乙醇氧化反应的起始电位较低,电流密度最大,电子传递阻力较小,反应速率较大,并且对乙醇氧化的电催化活性保持稳定。