Isolation of 212Pb from natural thorium for targeted alpha-therapy

Targeted alpha-therapy (TAT) is increasingly attractive due to its extraordinary antitumor efficacy. However, the supply of α-emitters for TAT is insufficient and under control by a limited number of countries. ²¹²Pb is a promising α-emitter with an optimal half-life (10.6 h) and favored decay chain. Of interest, ²¹²Pb can be extracted directly from natural thorium, which may be abundant in the mining waste of rare-earth, uranium, etc. Indeed, radioactive thorium waste has been a longstanding environmental challenge that needs immediate action. Developing an on-demand and facile process to isolate ²¹²Pb from natural thorium would be ideal to meet the above challenges, yet is difficult. In theory, the ratio of ²¹²Pb to ^natTh is below 10^?13 in commercially available thorium salts. As a pilot study, 2.2 MBq of ²¹²Pb was successfully extracted from a 5 L solution of thorium nitrate by using a Pb-selective resin. The radiochemical purity of ²¹²Pb is over 99.9% according to gamma-ray analysis. The purified ²¹²Pb was applied to radiolabel a couple of peptides used in clinics (i.e. PSMA, TATE and FAPI-04), and the radiochemical yields are >85%. Of note, ²¹²Pb can be repeatedly separated from the thorium solution every 2 days. In summary, a practical and scalable method was developed to isolate ²¹²Pb for potentially clinical use, which may be of great importance as it does not require either cyclotron or nuclear reactor.     

金属衬底在石墨烯化学气相沉积生长中的作用

以过渡金属为催化衬底的化学气相沉积法(Chemical Vapor Deposition，CVD)已经可以制备与机械剥离样品相媲美的石墨烯，是实现石墨烯工业应用的关键技术之一。原子尺度理论研究能够帮助我们深刻理解石墨烯生长机理，为实验现象提供合理的解释，并有可能成为将来实验设计的理论指导。本文从理论计算的角度，总结了各种金属衬底在石墨烯CVD生长过程中的各种作用与相应的机理，包括在催化碳源裂解、降低石墨烯成核密度等，催化加快石墨烯快速生长，修复石墨烯生长过程中产生的缺陷，控制外延生长石墨烯的晶格取向，以及在降温过程中石墨烯褶皱与金属表面台阶束的形成过程等。在本文最后，我们对当前石墨烯生长领域中亟需解决的理论问题进行了深入探讨与展望。     

Clustering solver for displacement-based numerical homogenization

Based on strain-clustering via k-means, we decompose computational domain into clusters of possibly disjoint cells. Assuming cells in each cluster take the same strain, we reconstruct displacement field. We further propose a new way to condensate the governing equations of displacement-based finite element method to reduce the complexity while maintain the accuracy. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the clustering solver. Numerical convergence studies are performed for the examples. Avoiding complexities which is common in existing clustering analysis methods, the proposed clustering solver is easy to implement, particularly for numerical homogenization using commercial softwares.     

Stability of Multiplier Ideal Sheaves

Chinese Annals of Mathematics, Series B - In the present article, the authors find and establish stability of multiplier ideal sheaves, which is more general than strong openness.     

利用全元素矩张量反演方法识别地下核爆炸

将震源矩张量中的各分量作为权重因子，利用基本Green函数的线性组合可以对地震波场进行描述，本文利用水平分层模型下的广义反射-透射系数方法的地震波场正演公式，反演了苏联东哈萨克斯坦地下核试验场的7次地下核爆炸、3次震中位置相近的天然地震的震源矩张量，反演结果表明地下核爆炸震源明显含有爆炸源成分，同时包含双力偶成分（DC）和线性偶极补偿源成分（CLVD），且CLVD成分比重大，CLVD的存在可用层裂机制来解释；天然地震震源矩张量的反演结果表明，DC源为主要成分，符合剪切位错震源模式。     

Topological multiplicity of the maximum eigenvalue of graph 1-Laplacian

In this paper, we reveal the connection between the independent number of a graph and the topological multiplicity of the maximal eigenvalue of the corresponding graph 1-Laplacian. The pseudo independent number of a graph is introduced, which provides a better lower estimate of the topological multiplicity of the maximum eigenvalue. The technique of our proof is based on the localization property of the eigenvector for graph 1-Laplacian, the Krasnoselski genus, and its relation to the topological join.     

~(236)U Multi-modal Fission Paths on a Five-dimensional Deformation Surface

In this paper, we develop a new path search algorithm which considers all the degrees of freedom and apply it on our calculated five-dimensional potential energy surface(PES) of~(236) U. Asymmetric and symmetric fission paths and barriers are obtained.     

A Luminescent Thermometer Based on Linearly Thermo-responsive Copolymer and Polyoxometalates

A novel switchable luminescent thermometer based on thermo-responsive triblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-bpoly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile-co-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate)(PEO_(113)-b-P(AAm_(264)-co-AN_(112)-co-DMA_8)) and Eu-containing polyoxometalate (Eu-POM) was successfully constructed.The copolymer synthesized by RAFT exhibited a linear response to temperature variations in aqueous media,which was quite different from the uncharged copolymer P(AAm-co-AN) having a specific upper critical solution temperature (UCST).Eu-POM was surrounded around thermo-responsive blocks through electrostatic interactions,and its luminescence could be finely tuned due to the sensitivity of copolymer to the temperature variation.In cold water,POMs were trapped in highly hydrophobic cores,exhibiting an intense emission.With the upraising of temperature,the emission intensity presented a gradual decrease and showed a linear correlation with temperature.When the complex solution cooled down,the luminescence could also be perfectly restored.This temperature-luminescence correlation could be held for numerous trials,showing a potential application in thermometer.     

First-principles calculations of magnetic edge states in zigzag CrI3 nanoribbons

CrI₃ monolayer has recently drawn much attention due to its two-dimensional long range ferromagnetic order. We find that CrI₃ nanoribbons, which are strips of CrI₃ monolayer, can be used as building blocks of nanodevices. In this paper, we studied the atomic and electronic structures of CrI₃ zigzag nanoribbons by using first-principles calculations. CrI₃ zigzag nanoribbons are also ferromagnet. Interestingly, edge states exist in the system and play an important role in their electronic structures. They dominate the band structures around Fermi level and can be tuned by edge atomic structures. The intrinsic ferromagnetism and rich electronic structures enable CrI₃ zigzag nanoribbons a group of promising candidate materials for spintronics.