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排序方式: 共有1313条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
基于PCA的土壤Cd含量高光谱反演模型对比研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
土壤重金属污染对人类健康造成了极大的威胁,如何快速摸清土壤污染情况尤为重要。高光谱遥感具备光谱分辨率高,快速无损等优势,使其在土壤组分反演方面具有巨大的潜力。针对高光谱信息冗余及光谱变换对土壤镉(Cd)含量估算的影响进行分析,并利用变换前后的高光谱数据对比研究了不同高光谱模型对土壤Cd含量反演的性能。首先利用等离子体质谱法和FieldSpec4地物光谱仪收集了56组土壤样品的Cd含量和对应的高光谱曲线(350~2 500 nm);为了弱化光谱测定中光亮变化和土壤表面凹凸对实验结果的影响,研究对高光谱数据进行倒数对数预处理;考虑到高光谱数据中存在大量的信息冗余,研究采用了主成分分析(PCA)对高光谱数据进行降维处理并最终保留了前12个主成分量作为特征变量。针对高光谱反演模型,研究选择了偏最小二乘(PLSR)、支持向量机(SVM)、人工神经网络(ANN)和随机森林(RF)四种回归模型建立PCA主成分与Cd含量之间的关系;最后,研究选取了决定系数(R2)、均方根误差(RMSE)和RPD三种精度评估指标评估回归模型的拟合精度,结果表明针对光谱采用PCA波段降维的方法处理后,选取的12个主成分对变化前后的光谱累计贡献率均达到99.99%,作为模型的输入变量,四种模型均具有一定的预测能力。无论光谱变换与否,PCA-RF反演模型的预测能力均为最好(R2分别为0.856和0.855,RPD均高达3.39)。利用PCA对高光谱数据降维处理可以有效降低高光谱数据冗余,有力的保证模型的预测能力。以PCA筛选出的主成分量可以作为模型极好的输入变量,以RF为基础的高光谱反演模型在反演土壤Cd含量时具有最佳效果,可为该区域及类似地区的土壤重金属污染物反演提供新的方法支撑。  相似文献   
2.
The problem of extracting meaningful data through graph analysis spans a range of different fields, such as social networks, knowledge graphs, citation networks, the World Wide Web, and so on. As increasingly structured data become available, the importance of being able to effectively mine and learn from such data continues to grow. In this paper, we propose the multi-scale aggregation graph neural network based on feature similarity (MAGN), a novel graph neural network defined in the vertex domain. Our model provides a simple and general semi-supervised learning method for graph-structured data, in which only a very small part of the data is labeled as the training set. We first construct a similarity matrix by calculating the similarity of original features between all adjacent node pairs, and then generate a set of feature extractors utilizing the similarity matrix to perform multi-scale feature propagation on graphs. The output of multi-scale feature propagation is finally aggregated by using the mean-pooling operation. Our method aims to improve the model representation ability via multi-scale neighborhood aggregation based on feature similarity. Extensive experimental evaluation on various open benchmarks shows the competitive performance of our method compared to a variety of popular architectures.  相似文献   
3.
Science China Mathematics - Latin hypercube designs (LHDs) are very popular in designing computer experiments. In addition, orthogonality is a desirable property for LHDs, as it allows the...  相似文献   
4.
数学底层思维即用数学的眼光观察世界、用数学的思维分析世界以及用数学的语言表达世界,是人们面对自然和社会中纷繁多样的现象和问题时,所展现的自发的、不依赖监督的、融汇数学学科核心素养的思维方式.作为国家高中新课程标准中数学六大核心素养之一的数学建模,是培养学生数学底层思维的良好载体,对人才培养和社会发展均起到良好的促进作用.本文主要阐述了数学建模对高中生构建数学底层思维的作用,并结合教学实例给出教学实施建议.  相似文献   
5.
研究L^p(1相似文献   
6.
Li  Bin  Zhang  Ying  Ge  Junyue  Liu  Kehui  Li  Ping 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2018,410(28):7449-7456
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry - Appropriate sample preparation is pivotally important to obtain high-quality mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data. Unlike mammalian tissues, preparation of...  相似文献   
7.
A method for rapid identification and quantification of phthalate plasticizers in beverages was developed. A number of 15 phthalate plasticizers which covered all the phthalates concerned in the US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA), European Union legislations and Chinese national standards (GB) were analyzed. By a combined solid‐phase micro‐extraction (SPME) and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) approach, phthalates at sub‐ng·mL?1 levels can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in a short time. The use of ultrahigh‐resolving power and the accurate mass measurement capacity naturally provided by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS) minimizes the matrix interferences and thus enables the evaluation of phthalates in a complex matrix without extensive sample handlings or preparations. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were estimated to be at 0.3–5.0 ng·mL?1, lower than the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) regulated by the European Union legislations (2007/19/EC) in foods, beverages, food packaging and toys (0.3–30 ng·mL?1). This rapid and easy‐to‐use SPME‐DART‐FT‐ICR‐MS method provided a relatively high‐throughput and powerful analytical approach for quick testing and screening phthalates in beverages and water samples to ensure food safety.  相似文献   
8.
In ESR dating of Early Pleistocene fossil tooth enamel samples, the fitting function used for the evaluation of the DE value is undoubtedly among the major sources of uncertainty. Dose recovery tests performed on fossil tooth enamel showing DE values >1,000 Gy demonstrate: (i) that high precision ESR measurements (<0.5%) and high DE reproducibility (<5%) may be achieved; (ii) the appropriateness of the Double Saturating Exponential (DSE) fitting function for ESR dose reconstruction. In contrast, the SSE function, which has been almost exclusively used so far, does simply not correctly describe the behavior of the radiation induced ESR signal of tooth enamel with the dose.Several fitting functions and data weighting options were tested and the combination of a DSE with data weighted by the inverse of the squared intensities is the procedure providing the most accurate DE results. However, the SSE may nevertheless sometimes produce consistent results if Dmax does not exceed 6*DE. Further work is required in that direction in order to determine more precisely in which conditions the SSE could be used as a fair approximation of the DSE function for these samples.  相似文献   
9.
智能手机的主要叶类蔬菜品质和新鲜度指标的光谱检测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
蔬菜品质和新鲜度的高低不仅影响食用时的口感,而且营养程度也不一样。作为蔬菜品质和新鲜度重要参考指标之一的叶绿素和含水量的检测,已经越来越受到国内外学者的重视。相比于传统的肉眼目视判断的检验方法,可见-近红外光谱分析具有快速高效、无损、非接触等独特的优势,更加适合蔬菜的实时检测。目前相关研究主要集中在生长中植被叶绿素和含水量的反演,对市场上成品蔬菜的研究较少,或者研究对象单一,缺乏市场普适性。此外,光谱数据的获取需要专业的光谱仪采集,费时费力,各种生理生化指标的研究离实用化还有很长的距离。为了与实际相结合,基于智能手机光谱系统(SCSS)建立了快速、准确、普适性强的反演蔬菜叶绿素和含水量的模型,并通过地面光谱仪SVC数据验证了该系统的可靠性。选取市场典型的五种蔬菜(菠菜、小油菜、油麦菜、生菜和娃娃菜)作为实验样本,分别进行常温保存和冷藏保存来模拟现实中菜市场和超市的蔬菜储存环境。每隔24 h进行一次数据采集。对获取的原始光谱数据进行波段选择和小波变换去噪的预处理。构建蔬菜叶绿素反演指数(VCRIm, n)和蔬菜含水量反演指数(VWRI(i, j)),分别提取该两个指数与叶绿素和含水量实测值的相关系数R作为权重系数,最终建立了叶绿素和含水量的加权平均反演模型。实验结果表明,SVC仪器和SCSS两者数据针对蔬菜叶绿素和含水量的敏感波段基本一致,叶绿素反演的敏感波段在730~980 nm之间,反演精度R2分别为0.863和0.808 1,标准差为8.679 5和8.892 5;含水量反演的敏感波段在水汽吸收波段950~1 000 nm之间,反演精度R2分别为0.742 9和0.712 9,标准差为8.789 9%和8.861 4%。SVC实验数据跟SCSS实验数据结果十分接近,验证了新型智能手机光谱系统实时监测蔬菜叶绿素和含水量的有效性。智能手机光谱系统具有体积小、价格便宜的优势,结合网络云端服务和实时数据反馈的特点,能够实现蔬菜品质和新鲜度指标的智能检测,让光谱分析真正应用于人们日常生活中。  相似文献   
10.
In gas–solid flows, particle–particle interaction (typical, particle collision) is highly significant, despite the small particles fractional volume. Widely distributed polydisperse particle population is a typical characteristic during dynamic evolution of particles (e.g., agglomeration and fragmentation) in spite of their initial monodisperse particle distribution. The conventional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for particle collision tracks equally weighted simulation particles, which results in high statistical noise for particle fields if there are insufficient simulation particles in less-populated regions. In this study, a new differentially weighted DSMC (DW-DSMC) method for collisions of particles with different number weight is proposed within the framework of the general Eulerian–Lagrangian models for hydrodynamics. Three schemes (mass, momentum and energy conservation) were developed to restore the numbers of simulation particle while keeping total mass, momentum or energy of the whole system unchanged respectively. A limiting case of high-inertia particle flow was numerically simulated to validate the DW-DSMC method in terms of computational precision and efficiency. The momentum conservation scheme which leads to little fluctuation around the mass and energy of the whole system performed best. Improved resolution in particle fields and dynamic behavior could be attained simultaneously using DW-DSMC, compared with the equally weighted DSMC. Meanwhile, computational cost can be largely reduced in contrast with direct numerical simulation.  相似文献   
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