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1.
Phoresis, a classic example of particle transport driven by thermodynamic gradients, is enjoying a resurgent research interest motivated both by technological developments and by its relevance to the motility of chemically active particles. Here we succinctly review, using the case of chemophoresis (also called diffusiophoresis), the general framework of phoresis and self-phoresis formulated as a Stokes-flow problem for a liquid solution (solvent and solute) maintained out of thermodynamic equilibrium by solute gradients. Within the constraints of local equilibrium, we discuss the simplest extension of the theory in order to account for correlations in the fluid. We show that this leads to a shift from the paradigm based on the ideal case, in that self-phoresis can no longer be represented as phoresis in a self-generated composition gradient. Our review concludes with a concise overview of a few directions which we think hold the potential to reveal a rich behavior in future investigations.  相似文献   
2.
Several p H-dependent processes and reactions take place in the human body;hence,the p H of body fluids is the best indicator of disturbed health conditions.However,accurate and real-time diagnosis of the p H of body fluids is complicated because of limited commercially available p H sensors.Hence,we aimed to prepare a flexible,transparent,disposable,userfriendly,and economic strip-based solid-state p H sensor using palladium nanoparticles(Pd NPs)/N-doped carbon(NC)composite material.The Pd NPs/NC composite material was synthesized using wool keratin(WK)as a precursor.The insitu prepared Pd NPs played a key role in the controlled switching of protein structure to the N-doped carbon skeleton withπ–πarrangement at the mesoscale level,which mimics the A–B type polymeric structure,and hence,is highly susceptible to H+ions.The optimized carbonization condition in the presence of Pd NPs showed that the material obtained using a modified Ag/Ag Cl reference electrode had the highest p H sensitivity with excellent stability and durability.The optimized p H sensor showed high specificity and selectivity with a sensitivity of 55 m V/p H unit and a relative standard deviation of 0.79%.This study is the first to synthesize Pd NPs using WK as a stabilizing and reducing agent.The applicability of the sensor was investigated for biological samples,namely,saliva and gastric juices.The proposed protocol and material have implications in solid-state chemistry,where biological material will be the best choice for the synthesis of materials with anticipated performance.  相似文献   
3.
Supramolecular optical chemosensors are useful tools in analytical chemistry for the visualization of molecular recognition information. One advantage is that they can be utilized for array systems to detect multiple analytes. However, chemosensor arrays have been evaluated mainly in the solution phase, which limits a wide range of practical applications. Thus, appropriate solid support materials such as polymer gels and papers are required to broaden the scope of the application of chemosensors as on-site analytical tools. In this review, we summarize the actual approaches for the fabrication of solid-state chemosensor arrays combined with powerful data processing techniques and portable digital recorders for real-world applications.  相似文献   
4.
《中国化学快报》2022,33(9):4261-4263
A novel Diels-Alder adduct possesses a 6/6/6/5/6/6/6/6 octacyclic skeleton featured with bicyclo[2.2.2]octane moiety, biseupyiheoid A (1), along with another decacyclic 6/6/6/3/5/6/5/6/6/6 fused diterpenoid dimer, bisfischoid C (2), were isolated from Euphorbia fischeriana. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic approaches, and quantum mechanical calculations. The structural features of 1 and 2 were hypothesized to involve intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions with different coupling patterns. Dimer 1 showed antiproliferative activity through apoptosis activation in LoVo cells.  相似文献   
5.
基于局部偏转吻切方法的多级压缩乘波体设计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
乘波体因优异的气动特性, 被认为是突破现有“升阻比屏障”的有效途径之一, 已成为高超声速飞行器气动设计的研究热点. 针对常规单级压缩乘波前体压缩量不足的问题, 基于局部偏转吻切方法提出一种多级压缩乘波体设计方法, 实现了多道非轴对称激波的逆向乘波设计. 通过引入多道非轴对称激波, 可充分发挥乘波前体的预压缩效果, 并为复杂外形条件下的高超声速飞行器设计提供新的思路. 以基于非轴对称椭圆锥激波的两级压缩乘波体为例阐述了该多级设计方法, 并在相同条件下设计了3种不同长短轴比的两级椭圆锥压缩乘波体. 设计状态下的数值模拟结果表明, 无黏条件下, 该设计方法得到的壁面压力分布与CFD结果基本一致, 且对应气动力参数的最大误差仅为0.3%左右, 证明了该方法的可靠性. 相较于两级圆锥压缩乘波体, 长短轴比大于1的两级压缩乘波体拥有更好的压缩性能和升阻特性, 但总压恢复系数和容积特性有所下降, 而长短轴比小于1的两级压缩乘波体性能恰好与之相反. 黏性条件下, 此类乘波体的激波系结构变化不大, 两道椭圆锥激波在底部截面基本相交, 仍具备较佳的乘波特性.   相似文献   
6.
Xu  Yifan  Zhang  Hehe  Ding  Tangjing  Tian  Ruiqi  Sun  Dongmei  Wang  Ming-Sheng  Zhou  Xiaosi 《中国科学:化学(英文版)》2022,65(9):1807-1816
Science China Chemistry - Due to their enormous potential for large-scale energy storage, rechargeable potassium-ion batteries have been widely researched and developed. However, the drastic volume...  相似文献   
7.
Science China Mathematics - In this paper, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a U(n)-invariant complex Finsler metric F on domains in ?n to be strongly convex, which also...  相似文献   
8.
Zhiyuan Lin 《中国物理 B》2021,30(8):80501-080501
We build a double quantum-dot system with Coulomb coupling and aim at studying connections among the entropy production, free energy, and information flow. By utilizing concepts in stochastic thermodynamics and graph theory analysis, Clausius and nonequilibrium free energy inequalities are built to interpret local second law of thermodynamics for subsystems. A fundamental set of cycle fluxes and affinities is identified to decompose two inequalities by using Schnakenberg's network theory. Results show that the thermodynamic irreversibility has energy-related and information-related contributions. A global cycle associated with the feedback-induced information flow would pump electrons against the bias voltage, which implements a Maxwell demon.  相似文献   
9.
We use the machinery of categorified Jones-Wenzl projectors to construct a categorification of a type A Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant of oriented framed tangles where each strand is labelled by an arbitrary finite-dimensional representation. As a special case, we obtain a categorification of the coloured Jones polynomial of links.  相似文献   
10.
The phase state of dense matter in the intermediate density range (\begin{document}$\sim$\end{document}1-10 times the nuclear saturation density) is both intriguing and unclear and can have important observable effects in the present gravitational wave era of neutron stars. As matter density increases in compact stars, the sound velocity is expected to approach the conformal limit (\begin{document}$c_s/c=1/\sqrt{3}$\end{document}) at high densities and should also fulfill the causality limit (\begin{document}$c_s/c<1$\end{document}). However, its detailed behavior remains a prominent topic of debate. It was suggested that the sound velocity of dense matter could be an important indicator of a deconfinement phase transition, where a particular shape might be expected for its density dependence. In this work, we explore the general properties of the sound velocity and the adiabatic index of dense matter in hybrid stars as well as in neutron stars and quark stars. Various conditions are employed for the hadron-quark phase transition with varying interface tension. We find that the expected behavior of the sound velocity can also be achieved by the nonperturbative properties of the quark phase, in addition to a deconfinement phase transition. Moreover, it leads to a more compact star with a similar mass. We then propose a new class of quark star equation of states, which can be tested by future high-precision radius measurements of pulsar-like objects.  相似文献   
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