碳钢表面微弧氧化膜的制备及摩擦磨损性能研究

在碳钢表面利用微弧氧化技术分别在以铝酸盐和硅酸盐为主的电解液体系中制备了氧化膜.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了两种氧化膜的结构、元素含量及分布和相组成;用往复摩擦试验机评价了氧化膜的摩擦磨损性能,并对膜层和对偶表面的磨痕进行了表征.结果表明:铝酸盐体系中制得的微弧氧化膜主要由Fe3O4和铁铝尖晶石(Fe Al2O4)组成,而硅酸盐体系制得的微弧氧化膜成膜元素为Fe、Si和O,并且以非晶态存在.干摩擦条件下,铝酸盐体系中制备的微弧氧化膜具有比硅酸盐体系中制备的微弧氧化膜更低的摩擦系数和磨损率,这是由于铝酸盐中制备的氧化膜含有的Fe3O4在摩擦过程中向对偶发生了一定程度的转移,起到了减摩抗磨的作用.     

Tribological behaviors of DLC films in sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions

Tribological behaviors of three typical kinds of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films (a-C, a-C:Cr, and a-C:H) in sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions were investigated. The a-C film showed the lowest stable coefficients of friction (COF) in both sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions but the worst wear resistance in sulfuric acid solution. The a-C:H film showed the highest COF in sulfuric acid solution and the best wear resistance in both sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions. The a-C:Cr film exhibited superior comprehensive tribological performance in sulfuric acid solution, while in sodium hydroxide solution, high COF and very poor wear resistance was observed. What is more, friction and wear mechanism was revealed by investigating the friction-induced material evolutions on the sliding surface.     

Tetrabutylammonium Halides as Selectively Bifunctional Catalysts Enabling the Syntheses of Recyclable High Molecular Weight Salicylic Acid-Based Copolyesters

To synthesize high molecular weight poly(phenolic ester) via a living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic phenolic ester monomers remains a critical challenge due to serious transesterification and back-biting reactions. Both phenolic ester bonds in monomer and polymer chains are highly active, and it is difficult so far to distinguish them. In this work, an unprecedented selectively bifunctional catalytic system of tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (TBACl) was discovered to mediate the syntheses of high molecular weight salicylic acid-based copolyesters via a living ROP of salicylate cyclic esters (for poly(salicylic methyl glycolide) (PSMG), M_n=361.8 kg/mol, Ð<1.30). Compared to previous catalysis systems, the side reactions were suppressed remarkably in this catalysis system because phenolic ester bond in monomer can be selectively cleaved over that in polymer chains during ROP progress. Mechanistic studies reveal that the halide anion and alkyl-quaternaryammonium cation work synergistically, where the alkyl-quaternaryammonium cation moiety interacts with the carbonyl group of substrates via non-classical hydrogen bonding. Moreover, these salicylic acid-based copolyesters can be recycled to dimeric monomer under solution condition, and can be recycled to original monomeric monomers without catalyst under sublimation condition.     

Correlation between conformation change of polyelectrolyte brushes and lubrication

We directly monitor the absolute separation profiles that function as film thickness between a single glass disk and the charged polyelectrolyte brushes decorated steel slider in water using a home-made slider-on-disk apparatus, which reflects the structural conformation variations and interactions of polymer brushes under externally applied pressure, in addition to probing the relative variation of friction forces under different applied loads and sliding velocities. We find that the polyelectrolyte brushes modified surfaces can sustain high pressure and have extremely low friction coefficients(around 0.006 at pressures of 0.13 MPa; 0.5-0.6 without brushes). The water-lubrication characteristics are correlated to the structural conformation changes of the polyelectrolyte brushes that are mainly governed by electrostatic interactions and the osmotic pressure of counterions inside the polymer chains, which can be used to support and distribute the normal pressure. The apparent thickness of the brush decreases with the increase of loading forces, an increase in the ionic strength causes the polymer chains collapse, and the friction forces increase. This fundamental research is of great importance to understand the mechanical and structural properties of polyelectrolyte brushes and their influences on the tribological behaviors, and helps to design friction/lubrication-controlled surface/interface by taking advantage of polyelectrolyte brushes.     

Effect of alkylated diphenylamine on thermal-oxidative degradation behavior of poly-<Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>-olefin

An oil-soluble antioxidant, alkylated diphenylamine (ADPA), was prepared by alkylation of diphenylamine. The influence of ADPA on the thermal-oxidative stability of poly-α-olefin (PAO8) was evaluated by thermogravimetry (TG). For comparison, the thermal-oxidative stability of PAO8 with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) was also investigated. Activation energy (E_a)of the corresponding thermal-oxidative degradation process was evaluated by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods. To demonstrate the reliability of the kinetic study, the antioxidant performance of ADPA and ZDDP in PAO8 was also studied by the pressure drop (PDT) and accelerated oxidation (AOT) tests. The results indicate that ADPA has better antioxidant ability than ZDDP in increasing the E_a value and enhancing the oxidative stability of PAO8. Good correlation between the applied test methods was established.     

The tribological performance of fullerene‐like hydrogenated carbon films under ionic liquid lubrication

Fullerene‐like hydrogenated carbon films were deposited on Si substrate by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The microstructures of films were characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectrum. The tribological performance of films was tested by reciprocating ball‐on‐disc tester under 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid. The surface morphology and chemical composition of wear tracks and wear rates were investigated by optical microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 3D surface profiler. The results indicated that the film with a typical fullerene‐like structure embedded into the amorphous sp² and sp³ carbon networks could be prepared successfully, and the film shows a higher hardness (26.7 GPa) and elastic recovery (89.9%) compared with the amorphous carbon film. Furthermore, the film shows a lower friction coefficient at low contact load and friction frequency, and excellent wear‐resistance performance at high load and frequency under ionic liquid lubrication. Meanwhile, the wear life of fullerene‐like hydrogenated carbon films could be improved significantly using ionic liquid as a lubrication material. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of atomic oxygen irradiation on the structural and tribological characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene and its composites

Based on the ground‐based simulation facility, the effects of atomic oxygen (AO) irradiation on the structural and tribological properties of pure polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carbon fiber and MoS₂‐filled PTFE composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and a ball‐on‐disc tribometer. The results shown that AO irradiation had significant effects on the structural and tribological properties of pure PTFE, in which the surface morphologies, mass loss, friction coefficient, and wear rate had been changed greatly after AO irradiation. However, it was noticeable that the addition of carbon fiber and MoS₂ filler to PTFE could improve the AO resist capacity and tribological properties of PTFE composites significantly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biomimetic superhydrophobic UHMWPE/nanosilica films with different sticky behavior on several metals

A kind of organic–inorganic composite film with biomimetic superhydrophobic performance was prepared on several metals including steel, aluminum, and copper. The organic matrix was ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and the inorganic filler was nanosilica. Scanning electron microscope observation indicated addition of nanosilica greatly changed the topography of the UHMWPE film. Special convexities were formed on the surfaces of the composite films, which made the composite films rougher than that of pure UHMWPE film. The nanosilica randomly scattered on the surface of the convexities and formed hierarchical structure similar to that of some plant leaves with superhydrophobic characteristics. Interestingly, it was found that there were remarkable differences between the sliding angles (SA) of water droplet on the composite films on different metals although the contact angles (CA) of water droplet on these films were quite close. The CA on the composite films on steel was about 157°, and the SA was larger than 90°, which demonstrated obvious superhydrophobic and sticky characteristic. But to the films on aluminum and copper, the CAs on them were larger than 160° and the SAs were between 3° and 4°, which meant excellent superhydrophobic and roll‐off performance. Scanning electron microscope observation indicated that there were some micro‐orifices in the film on steel and these micro‐orifices were connected to some extent. It was believed that these micro‐orifices provided capillary force and restrained sliding of water droplet. A sticky model based on capillary mechanism was proposed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

亚表面引发原子转移自由基聚合构筑温度响应型纳米纤维油水分离膜

亚表面引发聚合是一种用于制备共价嵌入型聚合物刷的新型改性策略. 该方法在发展高稳定性聚合物刷功能化表界面材料方面具有显著的优势. 本工作利用亚表面引发原子转移自由基聚合(sSI-ATRP)对静电纺丝聚丙烯腈(PAN)基纳米纤维膜进行亚表面改性, 通过接枝聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)制备了温度响应型纳米纤维油水分离膜(PAN-sg-PNIPAM). 当温度低于低临界溶解温度(LCST)时, PNIPAM链与水分子之间的强氢键作用使得聚合物链完全伸展, 分离膜表面亲水且对油滴具有非常低的粘附力, 对油水乳液具有非常高的分离效率(达98.7%); 当温度高于LCST时, PNIPAM链失水收缩, 膜表面变得更加疏水且对油滴的粘附力显著增加, 其油水乳液分离效率显著降低, 仅为9.1%. 此外, 由于共价嵌入聚合物刷的高稳定性, 该分离膜在4 kPa压力下, 20 ℃和45 ℃之间可逆切换10个循环后, 仍能保持非常稳定的渗透通量. 本研究为发展高稳定性的智能型油水分离膜提供了一种新方法.     

Ti-6Al-4V微弧氧化陶瓷膜的微观结构及摩擦磨损性能研究

在NaAlO2和Na3PO4混合电解液中,利用微弧氧化技术在Ti-6Al-4V表面制备了氧化物陶瓷膜.用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪及显微硬度仪分别对微弧氧化膜的微观结构、相组成及其断面硬度进行分析,并对氧化膜致密层的摩擦磨损性能进行研究.结果表明:氧化膜表面呈现出多孔结构,氧化膜疏松层与致密层无明显界限,氧化膜与基底以犬牙交错形式结合;氧化膜主要由TiAl2O5和TiO2相组成,还含有少量AlPO4相和Al2O3相,氧化膜疏松层中TiAl2O5相的含量明显高于致密层;氧化膜内距Ti-6Al-4V基底约21 μm处的硬度存在最大值,两侧硬度降低;微弧氧化膜与Si3N4球对摩时具有较高的摩擦系数,磨损率比Ti-6Al-4V降低2个数量级,说明氧化膜致密层具有良好的耐磨性能,其磨损机制为微区脆性断裂.