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1.
薛碧曦  郝建红  赵强  张芳  范杰清  董志伟 《强激光与粒子束》2021,33(9):093006-1-093006-7
离子通道可以有效抑制电子束在等离子体环境内传输过程中的径向扩散,已有工作研究了离子通道对电子束的影响,但离子通道建立过程和暂态特性研究则更有助于理解和利用离子通道在电子束长程传输中的作用。本文利用PIC方法对离子通道的时空分布进行二维模拟,并基于单粒子理论推导出描述离子通道振荡的解析模型,对上述两种模型的结果相互校验。上述模型的计算结果表明,在长程传输过程中,相对论电子束在等离子体内部建立的离子通道是持续周期振荡的,电子束密度、电子束初始半径以及环境等离子体密度都会对离子通道的振荡规律产生影响,针对不同的等离子体环境选择合适的电子束参数可以有效提高离子通道的稳定性,进而提升传输过程中电子束的束流质量。  相似文献   
2.
武强  张庆明  龚自正  任思远  刘海 《爆炸与冲击》2021,41(2):021406-1-021406-9
以二级轻气炮作为加载手段,针对以PTFE/Al活性材料为防护屏的Whipple防护结构,开展不同弹丸尺寸、不同碰撞速度的超高速撞击实验。利用激光阴影照相设备,获得并分析了碎片云特性;通过回收的防护结构靶板,研究了活性材料防护结构超高速撞击条件下的后板损伤特性;通过与经典Christiansen撞击极限方程对比,获得活性材料Whipple结构防护性能,并拟合得到新型防护结构的撞击极限曲线。结果表明,相较于同面密度铝合金材料,活性材料超高速撞击条件下的冲击起爆反应使得碎片云中具有侵彻能力的碎片大幅减少,从而显著提升航天器的防护能力,撞击速度为2.31 km/s时最大可提升45%。  相似文献   
3.
活性材料是一种具备释能特性的新型材料,其在冲击导致的高压/高温作用下可以发生化学反应,释放大量的化学能,因此在破片、聚能破甲战斗部等军事领域有广泛的应用潜力。为了实现对活性材料释能过程的设计与控制,推进活性材料武器化应用进程,就必须解答活性材料冲击释能行为中所包含的一系列复杂的力-热-化耦合问题。近40年来,对活性材料的冲击释能行为已开展了大量研究,本文在此基础上系统梳理了活性材料的冲击诱发化学反应机理、动力学以及相关效应的研究现状,重点关注活性材料的冲击释能实验表征技术、冲击诱发化学反应理论模型以及考虑力-热-化耦合的冲击压缩数值模拟方法等3方面的研究进展。总结认为,对活性材料冲击释能行为的研究已经具有一定的积淀,但目前对实验中超快化学反应行为的实时诊断研究还缺乏更加丰富、精细、直观的表征与探索,相关理论与数值模拟研究尚未建立能够完整描述活性材料冲击释能行为的力-热-化理论模型,缺乏能够从宏观尺度描述冲击释能行为的有效方法。因此,超快化学反应实验表征技术、宏观角度的力-热-化机理与模型建立及其数值模拟应用以及具备可调性能的活性材料制备新工艺3方面研究内容将是推进活性材料未来军事化应用的重点关注对象。  相似文献   
4.
贾清刚  杨波  许海波  佘若谷 《强激光与粒子束》2021,33(5):054002-1-054002-5
针对高能电子照相的关键物理过程开展蒙特卡罗照相模拟研究,采用Geant4围绕2.5 GeV电子在四极透镜组内的输运、电子与物质相互作用衰减等照相基本过程展开研究。通过设计不同材料、不同厚度的含缺陷平板作为模拟照相客体,开展放大型电子照相系统缺陷分辨能力模拟。此外,采用不同材料、不同厚度的台阶样品,模拟获得了电子束流穿过相应面密度材料后的线扩展函数,进一步评估电子照相对实心客体的探测分辨能力。  相似文献   
5.
Yongtao Li 《中国物理 B》2022,31(5):54215-054215
A novel ultra-broadband polarization splitter based on a dual-core photonic crystal fiber (DC-PCF) is designed. The full-vector finite element method and coupled-mode theory are employed to investigate the characteristics of the polarization splitter. According to the numerical results, a graphene-filled layer not only broadens the working bandwidth but also reduces the size of the polarization splitter. Furthermore, the fluorine-doped region and the germanium-doped region can broaden the bandwidth. Also, the 4.78 mm long polarization splitter can achieve an extinction ratio of -98.6 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm. When extinction ratio is less than -20 dB, the range of the wavelength is 1027 nm-1723 nm with a bandwidth of 696 nm. Overall, the polarization splitter can be applied to all-optical network communication systems in the infrared and near-infrared wavelength range.  相似文献   
6.
Shanxiu Xie 《中国物理 B》2022,31(5):55201-055201
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is one of the main instabilities affecting success of fusion ignition. Here, we study the relationship between Raman growth and Landau damping with various distribution functions combining the analytic formulas and Vlasov simulations. The Landau damping obtained by Vlasov-Poisson simulation and Raman growth rate obtained by Vlasov-Maxwell simulation are anti-correlated, which is consistent with our theoretical analysis quantitatively. Maxwellian distribution, flattened distribution, and bi-Maxwellian distribution are studied in detail, which represent three typical stages of SRS. We also demonstrate the effects of plateau width, hot-electron fraction, hot-to-cold electron temperature ratio, and collisional damping on the Landau damping and growth rate. They gives us a deep understanding of SRS and possible ways to mitigate SRS through manipulating distribution functions to a high Landau damping regime.  相似文献   
7.
Yukai Zhuang 《中国物理 B》2022,31(8):89101-089101
Iron oxides are widely found as ores in Earth's crust and are also important constituents of its interiors. Their polymorphism, composition changes, and electronic structures play essential roles in controlling the structure and geodynamic properties of the solid Earth. While all-natural occurring iron oxides are semiconductors or insulators at ambient pressure, they start to metalize under pressure. Here in this work, we review the electronic conductivity and metallization of iron oxides under high-pressure conditions found in Earth's lower mantle. We summarize that the metallization of iron oxides is generally controlled by the pressure-induced bandgap closure near the Fermi level. After metallization, they possess much higher electrical and thermal conductivity, which will facilitate the thermal convection, support a more stable and thicker D$\prime\prime$ layer, and formulate Earth's magnetic field, all of which will constrain the large-scale dynamos of the mantle and core.  相似文献   
8.
An innovative application of the solvent evaporation technique was suggested. Solvent evaporation technique is a technique for drug encapsulation and nanosphere preparation. The widely used technique is also facing the problem of low actual drug entrapment percent, which is not economic from the industrial view. The goal of this work is trying to use the advantage of this technique concerning the product sphericity and the ability to control particle size, to prepare a drug as pure crystals spheres. Ibuprofen is selected as a model drug. The spheres are formed by using Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) or Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an anti-aggregating agent but not formed on using tween or span. Particle size and actual drug content depend on the concentrations the anti-aggregating agent used. Surfaces of the drug crystal spheres are porous with empty sphere internal structure on using PVP but spongy and rough on using PEG. The drug has its identity chemical form in the drug crystal spheres. IR scan of spheres prepared on using PEG showed a characteristic ether peak. DSC showed melting endothermic peak of PEG, but X-ray showed minor change in the drug crystal patterns. Drug release profiles from crystal spheres prepared with the same anti-aggregating agent are close to each other. The drug release profiles from drug crystal spheres prepared by using PEG are more controlled than that prepared by using PVP. The drug release mechanism is diffusion. It was concluded that, the same technique could be suggested for preparation of other biomedical material in pure crystals spheres with controlled particle size. These properties may encourage to prepare very small particles with spherical shape for inhalation or injection as an innovative particle technology application for the widely used technique.  相似文献   
9.
Liu  Yiheng  Wang  Honglun  Fan  Jiaxuan  Wang  Yanxiang  Wu  Jianfa 《Nonlinear dynamics》2021,105(4):3191-3210

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) aerial recovery denotes the technology that UAVs are recovered in the air by the transport aircraft for reuse. During the recovery process, the multiple wind perturbations and fast-changing UAV’s engine shutdown will induce oscillations in the cable-drogue-UAV assembly (CDUA) with strong nonlinearities and tight coupling, which affects the safety and speed of the UAV aerial recovery. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a non-constraining force direction (NCFD)-based CDUA anti-disturbance trajectory control method for the first time. First, by transforming the CDUA trajectory control to the NCFD control, the coupling and nonlinear effects in the CDUA can be reduced, and the fast-changing disturbances caused by the engine shutdown can be compensated. Then, feed forward control is designed based on the relationship between the NCFD and cable shape, which is established based on the cable dynamics, to improve the response speed. Furthermore, a fixed-time anti-disturbance controller (FTADC) is designed for the flow angle of drogue-UAV assembly (DUA) given by the NCFD controller and compensates for the effects of wind and parameter perturbations. Finally, the stability of the proposed method is analyzed, and the effectiveness is demonstrated by abundant simulations.

  相似文献   
10.
红色系矿物颜料曾被艺术家们大量地使用在古画和古建筑上。正确地识别出不同种类的红色系颜料对于文物监测与修复具有重要意义。传统的颜料识别主要依靠化学分析,不仅识别速度慢、识别范围小,而且对文物进行取样操作会造成文物的永久损伤。高光谱技术对颜料进行无损识别可以很好地解决这些问题。选用辰砂、胭脂、银朱、朱膘、朱砂、赭石、赭粉、铁红、土红、西洋红10种红色系矿物颜料作为研究对象,使用地物光谱仪在暗室中获取这10种红色系颜料在350~2 500 nm波段内的高光谱数据原始数字(DN)影像,经反射率校正,得到可直接用于光谱分析的反射率数据及光谱曲线。基于10种红色系颜料不同的光谱曲线特性,分两步筛选获取被区分颜料即目标颜料的光谱特征波段。取目标颜料光谱曲线的极值点作为特征波段,可以筛选得到目标颜料的初选光谱特征波段。将其余9种颜料在初选光谱特征波段上对应的反射率与目标颜料在此波段上的反射率做差,对于差值,筛去离群值后求平方和,不同波段对应不同的差值平方和,选取差值平方和较大的前4个波段作为优选后的光谱特征波段。基于归一化光谱指数模型公式[NDSI=(Ra-Rb)/(Ra+Rb),RaRb分别为目标颜料在光谱特征波段ab处的反射率值]对10种红色系颜料分别构建归一化光谱指数,将目标颜料与其余9种红色系颜料在同一光谱特征波段处计算得到的光谱指数进行对比分析,计算目标颜料光谱指数与其余颜料光谱指数的区分度,以此作为评价区分效果的指标。对于最终优选出的4个光谱特征波段,可构建6个归一化光谱指数,选择最小区分度最大的归一化光谱指数作为目标颜料的光谱特征指数。研究结果显示,在通过各自的光谱特征指数进行区分时,每种目标颜料与其他颜料的最小区分度都保持在0.7以上(大于0.5可认为区分明显),说明上述方法可以对各红色系颜料进行准确区分,对于文物颜料的快速准确识别具有实践意义。  相似文献   
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