郭永怀光辉的一生

郭永怀先生是我国著名的力学家和应用数学家. 在美国留学和工作期间, 他耕耘在空气动力学前沿, 为跨声速流与应用数学做出贡献. 在回国工作的12 年间, 他积极参加规划我国力学发展蓝图, 培育力学人才, 是我国近代力学的奠基人; 他为我国原子弹、氢弹的研制贡献了全部心血乃至生命, 是我国核武器事业的先驱. 郭永怀先生热爱祖国、艰苦奋斗、谦虚质朴、无私奉献, 他学识渊博, 治学严谨, 是我国科技工作者的楷模.
郭永怀先生是《力学学报》第二任主编. 在他的主持下,《力学学报》从创刊初期就具有很高的学术起点和公正、严谨、求实的学术声誉. 这里我们向广大读者介绍郭先生的光辉一生, 并刊出他的学生们的一些论文, 以表达我们对这位主编的怀念和崇敬.      

声波在锥棒中非经典非线性传播及实验验证

弹性体材料在早期退化阶段会出现一些长度不同,且分布不均匀的介观尺度微裂纹,声波在这些裂纹聚集区(或裂纹群)传播会激发较强的非经典非线性。文中以缓变截面的锥棒为研究对象,在Preisach-Mayergoyz (PM)空间模型下研究了声波通过微裂纹聚集区激发的非经典非线性谐波传播特性,实验验证了三次谐波位移幅度与缺陷位置、宽度的反演关系。理论计算和实验结果表明:微裂纹群激发了较强的奇次谐波,引起非经典非线性传播;其谐波幅度与微裂纹聚集区域位置、宽度及非经典非线性参数紧密相关,利用三次或五次谐波位移幅度能够准确定位缺陷的区域。      

主动隔振下固支薄板基础振动抑制的参数多目标优化

考虑动力设备-隔振器-薄板基础为复合主动隔振体系,并将薄板视为固支形式;以传递力作用在薄板基础上某点导纳为中间变量,在传递力、导纳、薄板振动峰值位移及峰值点距离影响因素分析的基础上,进行了系统耦联参数的多目标优化研究。优化算法采用较新的强度Pareto进化算法(SPEA2),该算法具有参数设置少、收敛速度快、寻优能力强及Pareto最优解分布均匀等优点。目标函数考虑为薄板振动的位移峰值及峰值点间的距离,目的是在有效控制薄板振动的同时,尽可能地使薄板趋于单峰值点振动,这对于板上附属操作设备及工作人员是有利的;最后,在最优参数的基础上对隔振器的安装位置进行讨论研究。数值计算结果表明,本文方法可有效地计算出隔振系统的最优参数,并为工业建筑及其他工程振动的最优隔振设计提供新思路。     

Numerical investigation on the heat transfer performance inside sublimator driven coldplate for aerospace applications

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Sublimator offers effective heat rejection for the spacecraft, which work in warm environments or with peak heat loads, by evaporating or sublimating...     

从“最强酸碱”话题入手介绍超强酸、超强碱

酸碱质子理论是普通化学中的重要模块。学习酸碱质子理论一般从弱酸水溶液入手,若将应用范围扩展为所有含质子的化合物,该理论将被赋予更多的内涵。在含质子的已知化合物中,K_a的范围十分宽广,跨越了100个数量级以上。哪种酸碱“最强”一直是学生间喜闻乐见的话题,以此话题出发,介绍了常见的超强酸、超强碱与相关概念及应用。这些概念的介绍不仅拓展了学生的视野,更能够加深学生对酸碱质子理论的理解,对未来分析化学、无机化学、有机化学的教育产生积极意义。     

Efficient Synthesis of Triarylamines Catalyzed by Copper(I) Diazabutadiene Complexes

Cuprous chloride was coordinated by diazabutadiene (DAB‐R) ligands to form Cu(I)‐(DAB‐R) complexes, most of which have a 1:1 ratio of Cu to DAB‐R as reported. In the case of a special DAB‐ⁱPP, N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene, an unexpected composition of complex was found with the formula Cu(I)Cl(DAB)₂. When employed as catalyst for triarylamine synthesis from the coupling of aryl halides with primary and secondary arylamines, the new Cu(I)‐(DAB‐ⁱPP) complex displayed high efficiency.     

An on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Antarctic ice core samples

An on-line solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandemmass spectrometry method for the analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water samples was developed. The optimal analytical conditions were obtained through the optimization of the extraction efficiency of online solid phase extraction column, sample loading rate and loading volume, and the concentration of ammonium acetate in mobile phase. Under the optimal condition, the analytical method displayed good linearity (r² > 0.99) for 12 PFASs (C5-C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and C6/C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids) over a concentration range of 0.5-100 ng/L. The limits of quantitation for samples were between 0.025 ng/L and 0.5 ng/L and the relative standard deviations (RSD) of five consecutive analyses were less than 10% for 1 ng/L standard solution. Satisfactory results were obtained using this analytical method for the analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in Antarctic ice core samples. The recoveries of all perfluoroalkyl substances were in a range of 73%-117% when the sampleswere spiked with standards at the concentrations of 2.5 ng/L and 25 ng/L.     

水中爆炸激波对水泥试样作用的数值模拟分析

通过对水中爆炸激波在水泥净浆试样中传播的数值模拟,再现了爆炸激波的传播过程,采用对典型单元受到的激波作用和应力进行分析的方法,得出了水泥试样各个区域损伤破坏的成因,数值模拟结果和实验现象吻合。     

Relativistic Absoluteness of Time-Space-Moving Mass

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