Extracorporeal high intensity focused ultrasound ablation in the treatment of 1038 patients with solid carcinomas in China: an overview

The ideal treatment of localized cancer should directly cause an irreversible and complete death of tumor cells without damage to surrounding normal tissue. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is such a potential treatment, which induces a complete coagulative necrosis of a tumor at depth through the intact skin. The idea that using an extracorporeal source of therapeutic ultrasound was introduced more than 50 years ago [J. Gen. Physiol. 26 (1942) 179]. However, up to now, most of the studies on HIFU have been dealing with animal experiments because this extracorporeal technique is very complicated in clinical applications. The purpose of this study is to introduce Chinese clinical experience of using extracorporeal HIFU for the treatment of patients with various kinds of solid tumor. From December 1997 to October 2001, a total of 1038 patients with solid tumors underwent HIFU ablation in China. Among them, 313 patients were treated at the Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, China. Pathological examination showed that the target region presented clear evidence of cellular destruction. Small blood vessels less than 2 mm in diameter were severely damaged. Follow-up diagnostic imaging revealed that there was no, or reduced, blood supply, and no uptake of radioisotope in the treated tumor after HIFU, both indicating a positive therapeutic response and an absence of viable tumor. Imaging at 6-12 months showed obvious regression of the lesion. Four-year follow-up data were significantly observed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and breast cancer. An extremely low major complication rate was noted. It is concluded that HIFU ablation is a safe, effective, and feasible modality for the ablation of carcinomas.  

光助Fenton氧化反应降解染料罗丹明B

研究了不同光源条件下光助Fenton反应催化氧化降解有机染料罗丹明B脱色情况及相关机理。内容包括 :不同光源、初始反应溶液酸度、反应时间、Fenton试剂浓度、初始染料溶液浓度等因素对光助Fen ton反应的影响 ,确定了方法的优化条件 ,并讨论了光助Fenton反应的反应机理。研究表明 :在 pH =3 5的条件下 ,4 5 0W高压汞灯照射以及较强太阳光照射的条件均可以明显加快Fenton法催化氧化降解罗丹明B溶液的过程 ,色度脱除率可达到 99%以上 ,COD也得到有效去除  

原子吸收光谱法测定中药中微量元素

本文选用当归、鸡血藤等七种滋补类中药 ,用原子吸收光谱法测定了其中微量元素的含量。采用4∶1的HNO3 HClO4 混酸体系作为消化液 ,选取样品中当归 ,对各种测定元素做了加标回收率实验 ,回收率高。实验结果表明 ,滋补类中药中Fe ,Mn ,Zn ,Cu的含量较高。  

催化动力学褪色光度法测定痕量铜（Ⅱ）的研究

研究了在盐酸介质中 ,铜 (Ⅱ )催化过氧化氢氧化孔雀绿褪色反应的适宜条件与影响因素 ,建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量铜的新方法。该方法是用固定时间法在 6 15nm波长处监测催化反应。方法的线性范围为 0～ 2 2 μg·L- 1 ,检出限为 1 92× 10 - 9g·mL- 1 ,该催化反应对铜 (Ⅱ )为一级反应 ,表观活化能为12 2 3kJ·mol- 1 ,表观反应速率常数为 7 70× 10 - 4s- 1 。因为Fe3 干扰Cu(Ⅱ )的测定 ,用PO3-4与Fe3 生成稳定的 [Fe(PO4 ) 2 ]3- 络合物 ,可掩蔽Fe3 。方法相对标准偏差为 1 16 % ,标准加入回收率为 98 3%～10 0 3%。该方法用于水样品、茶叶样品、奶粉样品以及苹果样品中铜的测定 ,获满意结果  

基于新型长周期光纤光栅的低成本应变传感系统

首次利用高频CO2激光脉冲写入的长周期光纤光栅的边缘滤波效应，实现了静态与动态应变的测量.使用单波长输入光，光信号经过长周期光纤光栅衰减后进入光电探测器，最终输出电压信号.当对光栅施加应变时，其中心波长将发生漂移，由于光栅阻带的边缘滤波效应，光电探测器接收的光强会随之变化，测量其输出的电信号，可以得出光栅发生的应变大小与频率.对于静态应变测量，可分辨的最小应变小于10 με，精度为±10 με;在动态实验中,发现光栅能够响应5 kHz以上的动态应变.这种传感系统结构简单，成本低,响应快.  

非本征型法布里-珀罗干涉仪光纤布拉格光栅应变温度传感器及其应用

介绍了光纤布拉格光栅非本征型法布里珀罗干涉仪集成复用传感器的结构、应变和温度同时监测的原理 ;观察到光纤布拉格光栅反射谱和非本征型法布里珀罗干涉仪干涉谱间的串扰 ,用 3dB带宽平均波长法减小了该串扰 ,提高了测量精度 ;将该传感器应用于三维编织复合材料的应变及温度同时监测。实验结果表明温度精度为± 1℃ ,应变精度为± 2 0 μ ,可满足实际应用的要求  

单轴分布式光纤传感器管线泄漏探测方法及定位理论分析

利用Sagnac干涉原理的分布式光纤传感器是一种可用于长途油气管线侵入、泄漏探测和定位的新技术.为了克服屏蔽和隔离Sagnac光纤环中未用作传感的那一半光纤所带来的屏蔽困难、成本增加等问题，提出一种单轴分布式光纤传感器的方法.其原理是利用一条光纤代替光纤环，并在光纤尾端设置法拉第旋转镜，构成偏振无关Sagnac干涉仪探测和定位管线泄漏.文中详细分析和讨论了该方法的系统光路和探测定位原理.  

纳米TiO2光催化降解有机污染物研究与应用新进展

在参考近两年国内外大量文献基础上，对纳米TiO2的光催化机理、催化剂性能的改进方法和影响催化剂性能的环境因素进行了评述和探讨；介绍了催化剂表面声光能辐射处理以及电场、微波、超声波助催化技术等新型增效、助效技术的研究进展；并综述了最近两年纳米TiO2在水环境污染物去除、小空间空气处理和材料表面抗菌抗蚀自洁净方面的应用研究新进展。  

A review of research into the uses of low level ultrasound in cancer therapy

The use of low power ultrasound in therapeutic medicine is a developing field and this review will concentrate on the applications of this technology in cancer therapy. The effects of low power ultrasound have been evaluated in terms of the biological changes induced in the structure and function of tissue. The main fields of study have been in sonodynamic therapy, improving chemotherapy, gene therapy and apoptosis therapy. The range of ultrasonic power levels that can be effectively employed in therapy appears to be narrow and this may have hindered past research in the applications in cancer treatment.  

光纤应变、温度、振动同时测量新技术的研究

本文介绍了集成式 Bragg光纤光栅 ( FBG)和非本征型 Fabry-Perot干涉腔 ( EFPI)复合传感器的结构及应用该传感器同时测量静态应变、温度和振动的原理 .利用 FBG、EFPI和低相干性干涉信号解调方法实现了用一个传感器同时测量三个参量 .实验结果表明温度精度达± 1℃ ,应变精度为± 2 0 με,振幅分辨率达 1 nm,测量重复性好