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1.
We present a method for finely adjustable electroosmotic flow (EOF) velocity in cathodic direction for the optimization of separations in capillary electrophoresis. To this end, we use surface modification of the separation fused silica capillary by the covalently attached copolymer of acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate (AMPS), that is, poly(AM-co-AMPS) or PAMAMPS. Coatings were formed by the in-capillary polymerization of a mixture of the neutral AM and anionic AMPS monomers premixed in various ratios in order to control the charge density of the copolymer. EOF mobility varies in the 0 to ∼40 × 10−9 m2 V−1 s−1 interval for PAMAMPS coatings ranging from 0 to 60 mol.% of charged AMPS monomer. For EOF in PAMAMPS-treated capillaries, we observed (i) a negligible dependence on pH in the 2–10 interval, (ii) a minor variance among background electrolytes (BGEs) in function of their components and (iii) its standard decrease with increasing ionic strength of the BGE. Interest in variable cathodic EOF was demonstrated by the amelioration of separation of two kinds of isomeric anionic analytes, that is, monosaccharides phosphates and helquat enantiomers, in counter-EOF mode.  相似文献   
2.
探索高效、经济的非金属氧还原(ORR)电催化剂已成为电化学能源体系的关键.科学界最具挑战性的目标之一是通过合理地验证和精确地调节活性位点来设计结构明确、性能优异的催化剂材料.本文提出一种精确和可控的串联协同作用的活性位点策略,以提高MFCOFs的ORR催化活性.以亚胺-N、噻吩-S和三嗪-N等作为结构单元,通过精确的串联策略合成了三种MFCOFs,分别为亚胺-N构建的TFPB-TAPB-COF、亚胺-N和噻吩-S构建的BTT-TAPB-COF以及亚胺-N、噻吩-S和三嗪-N三种活性中心构建的BTT-TAT-COF.将三种MFCOFs置于超临界二氧化碳中活化处理后,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射、交叉极化结合魔角旋转技术13C核磁共振法和热重分析法、氮气吸脱附曲线等表征手段对其进行了测试,并在含有0.1 M KOH的电解液中测试其ORR催化活性.结果表明,与BTT-TAPB-COF相比,BTT-TAT-COF展现出更优异的ORR催化性能;而BTT-TAPB-COF的催化性能优于TFPB-TAPB-COF.具体表现为,BTT-TAT-COF的半波电位(0.77 V)和起始电位(0.87 V)均高于BTT-TAPB-COF(0.71 V,0.80 V)和TFPB-TAPB-COF(0.65,0.73 V).此外,BTT-TAT-COF表现出较低的塔菲尔斜率和接近于4电子的ORR过程,说明其具有较高的反应速率.DFT计算结果表明,在费米能级附近,BTT-TAPB-COF比TFPB-TAPB-COF具有更窄的带隙,而BTT-TAT-COF具有最窄的带隙.因此,与TFPB-TAPB-COF和BTT-TAPB-COF相比,BTT-TAT-COF可以更有效地激发电子转移,增强ORR活性.此外,利用三种结构的吉布斯自由能图分析了ORR的过电位.结果表明,当亚胺-N、噻吩-S和三嗪-N结构被引入骨架后,相同位点的过电势降低.由此可见,亚胺-N、噻吩-S和三嗪-N作为催化活性位点诱导了正的ORR过程.此外,BTT-TAT-COF中部分碳原子(BTT-TAT-5,9,10)的过电势均低于BTT-TAPB-COF和TFPB-TAPB-COF中所有位点的过电势,表明多活性位点发挥了协同催化的作用.本文证明了精确串联协同催化的多活性位点策略提高ORR性能的可行性,并为构建高效的COF基非金属ORR催化剂提供新的见解.  相似文献   
3.
Amlexanox, an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agent, has been widely used clinically for the treatment of canker sores, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Recently, amlexanox has received considerable attention in curing nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and hepatitis virus infection. Herein, we first established a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrum (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of amlexanox in rat plasma. Propranolol was used as the internal standard (IS). Using a simple protein precipitation method, the amlexanox and IS were separated with Capcell Pak C18 column (2.0 × 50 mm, 5 μm) and eluted with water and acetonitrile each containing 0.1% formic acid using gradient elution condition at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min−1. Amlexanox and IS were detected by a triple quadrupole mass in multiple reactive monitoring (MRM) under the transitions of m/z 299.2 → 281.2 and m/z 259.9 → 116.1 with positive electrospray ionization, respectively. The calibration curves of amlexanox were established with the range of 50 to 2000 ng·mL−1 (r2 > 0.99). The validation method consisted of selectivity, accuracy, precision, carryover effect, matrix effect, recovery, dilution effect, and stability. The fully validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of amlexanox in Wistar rats.  相似文献   
4.
5.
肝靶向磁共振对比剂有助于肝细胞癌的早期诊断, 目前临床使用的线性对比剂存在导致病人肾源性系统性纤维化和钆离子沉积的风险. 本工作设计制备了一类含有乙氧芳基或甲氧苯基亲脂性基团、以DOTA-酰肼(DOTA: 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)为Gd3+离子螯合基团的大环类磁共振对比剂. 0.5 T磁场下测得其纵向弛豫率r1值介于3.7~5.4 L•mmol-1•s-1, 优于临床使用对比剂Gd-DOTA, 弛豫率最高的为对比剂7h (Gd-DOTAH-EOPEI) (EOPEI: 1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethanimine), 略高于临床使用肝靶向对比剂Gd-EOB-DTPA (EOB: ethoxybenzyl; DTPA: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), 比我们前期制得的肝靶向磁共振对比剂5d提高了约15%. 动物活体体内肝靶向磁共振成像研究显示, 所制备对比剂7b、7g和7h具有作为肝靶向磁共振对比剂的应用潜力. 结合弛豫率和活体体内成像数据, 筛选出了先导化合物7h.  相似文献   
6.
To tolerate high processing temperature during the fabrication of low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (LTPS–TFT) in flexible OLED devices, the polyimide (PI) films, which are used as substrate, should have ultra-high glass transition temperature (Tg > 450°C) and ultra-low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE at 0–5 ppm K−1). In this paper, two novel heterocyclic monomers, namely, N,N'-(xanthone-2,7-diyl)bis(4-aminobenzamide) (p-DAXBA) and N,N'-(xanthone-2,7-diyl)bis(3-aminobenzamide) (m-DAXBA), which contain a xanthone moiety, are prepared and polycondensed with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), respectively. PI films (PIa and PIb) with intrinsic high Tg and low CTE are designed from the perspective of rigid conjugate xanthone structure and hydrogen bonding interaction. It is found that the PIa films prepared by p-DAXBA have better linear structure of molecular chains and show relatively higher Tg and lower CTE. The Tg of PIa-40 is greater than 450°C, and CTE can reach as low as 2.7 ppm K−1, tensile strength of 179 MPa, modulus of 5.67 GPa, indicating potential application prospect as a flexible OLED substrate.  相似文献   
7.
Effective receptors for the separation of Li+ from a mixture with other alkali metal ions under mild conditions remains an important challenge that could benefit from new approaches. In this study, it is demonstrated that the 4-phosphoryl pyrazolones, H L 2-H L 4, in the presence of the typical industrial organophosphorus co-ligands tributylphosphine oxide (TBPO), tributylphosphate (TBP) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), are able to selectively recognise and extract lithium ions from aqueous solution. Structural investigations in solution as well as in the solid state reveal the existence of a series of multinuclear Li+ complexes that include dimers (TBPO, TBP) as well as rarely observed trimers (TOPO) and represent the first clear evidence for the synergistic role of the co-ligands in the extraction process. Our findings are supported by detailed NMR, MS and extraction studies. Liquid-liquid extraction in the presence of TOPO revealed an unprecedented high Li+ extraction efficiency (78 %) for H L 4 compared to the use of the industrially employed acylpyrazolone H L 1 (15 %) and benzoyl-1,1,1-trifluoroacetone (52 %) extractants. In addition, a high selectivity for Li+ over Na+, K+ and Cs+ under mild conditions (pH ∼8.2) confirms that H L 2-H L 4 represent a new class of ligands that are very effective extractants for use in lithium separation.  相似文献   
8.
The development of convenient new methods for the synthesis of organic azides is highly desirable. Herein, we report a practical method for dehydroxyazidation of alcohols via an SN2 pathway involving PPh3 and trifunctional benziodazolone-based hypervalent azido-iodine(III) reagents, which function as an electrophilic center, an azido source, and a base. This mild, chemoselective method was used for late-stage azidation of structurally complex alcohols, as well as for a new synthetic route to the antiepileptic drug rufinamide. The reaction mechanism was also investigated both experimentally and computationally.  相似文献   
9.
The CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) represents a promising route for the clean utilization of renewable resources. But mass-transfer limitations seriously hinder the forward step. Enhancing the surface hydrophobicity by using polymers has been proved to be one of the most efficient strategies. However, as macromolecular organics, polymers on the surface hinder the transfer of charge carriers from catalysts to reactants. Herein, we describe an in-situ surface fluorination strategy to enhance the surface hydrophobicity of TiO2 without a barrier layer of organics, thus facilitating the mass transfer of CO2 to catalysts and charge transfer. With less obstruction to charge transfer, a higher CO2, and lower H+ surface concentration, the photocatalytic CRR generation rate of methanol (CH3OH) is greatly enhanced to up to 247.15 μmol g−1 h−1. Furthermore, we investigated the overall defects; enhancing the surface hydrophobicity of catalysts provides a general and reliable method to improve the competitiveness of CRR.  相似文献   
10.
Qiao  Liangzhi  Liao  Yuxin  Wang  Xiawen  Wang  Shanshan  Du  Kaifeng 《Cellulose (London, England)》2022,29(13):7263-7276
Cellulose - Cellulose microspheres are commonly chromatographic media yet seriously limited in biomacromolecules separation and purification due to the slow mass transfer kinetics resulting from...  相似文献   
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