Shape morphing and topology optimization of fluid channels by explicit boundary tracking

An integrated shape morphing and topology optimization approach based on the deformable simplicial complex methodology is developed to address Stokes and Navier‐Stokes flow problems. The optimized geometry is interpreted by a set of piecewise linear curves embedded in a well‐formed triangular mesh, resulting in a physically well‐defined interface between fluid and impermeable regions. The shape evolution is realized by deforming the curves while maintaining a high‐quality mesh through adaption of the mesh near the structural boundary, rather than performing global remeshing. Topological changes are allowed through hole merging or splitting of islands. The finite element discretization used provides smooth and stable optimized boundaries for simple energy dissipation objectives. However, for more advanced problems, boundary oscillations are observed due to conflicts between the objective function and the minimum length scale imposed by the meshing algorithm. A surface regularization scheme is introduced to circumvent this issue, which is specifically tailored for the deformable simplicial complex approach. In contrast to other filter‐based regularization techniques, the scheme does not introduce additional control variables, and at the same time, it is based on a rigorous sensitivity analysis. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the approach.     

Nano-LC: An updated review

Low-flow chromatography has a rich history of innovation but has yet to reach widespread implementation in bioanalytical applications. Improvements in pump technology, microfluidic connections, and nano-electrospray sources for MS have laid the groundwork for broader application, and innovation in this space has accelerated in recent years. This article reviews the instrumentation used for nano-flow LC, the types of columns employed, and strategies for multidimensionality of separations, which are key to the future state of the technique to the high-throughput needs of modern bioanalysis. An update of the current applications where nano-LC is widely used, such as proteomics and metabolomics, is discussed. But the trend toward biopharmaceutical development of increasingly complex, targeted, and potent therapeutics for the safe treatment of disease drives the need for ultimate selectivity and sensitivity of our analytical platforms for targeted quantitation in a regulated space. The selectivity needs are best addressed by mass spectrometric detection, especially at high resolutions, and exquisite sensitivity is provided by nano-electrospray ionization as the technology continues to evolve into an accessible, robust, and easy-to-use platform.     

Nanosized Carbon Macrocycles Based on a Planar Chiral Pseudo Meta-[2.2]Paracyclophane

Structural designs combining cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) backbone with planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane ([2.2]PCP) lead to optical-active chiral macrocycles with intriguing properties. X-ray crystal analysis revealed aesthetic necklace-shaped structures and size-dependent packages with long-range channels. The macrocycles exhibit unique photophysical properties with high fluorescence quantum yield of up to 82 %, and the fluorescent color varies with ring size. In addition, size-dependent chiroptical properties with moderately large CPL dissymmetry factor of 10⁻³ and CPL brightness in the range of 30–40 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹ were observed.     

基于级联卷积神经网络的前列腺磁共振图像分类

针对深度学习训练成本高，以及基于磁共振图像的前列腺癌临床诊断需要大量医学常识且极为耗时的问题，本文提出了一种基于级联卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network，CNN）和磁共振图像的前列腺癌（Prostate Cancer，PCa）自动分类诊断方法，该网络以Faster-RCNN作为前网络，对前列腺区域进行提取分割，用于排除前列腺附近组织器官的干扰；以基于ResNet改进的网络结构CNN40_bottleneck作为后网络，用于对前列腺区域病变进行分类.后网络由瓶颈结构串联组成，其中使用批量标准化（Batch Normalization，BN）、全局平均池化（Global Average Pooling，GAP）进行优化.实验结果证明，本文方法对前列腺癌诊断结果较好，而且缩减了训练时间和参数量，有效降低了训练成本.     

HL-2A装置上边界间歇性事件与湍流粒子输运的统计学研究

通过对粒子概率分布函数的计算，发现在高等离子体密度下边界间歇性事件的爆发频率有所增加。通过条件平均的手段，正负间歇性事件得以区分，并发现了二者在空间上的不同特征。不同密度梯度下的湍流粒子输运计算表明，间歇性事件与湍流粒子输运之间存在密切联系，间歇性事件的存在能够大大增加湍流粒子输运的大小。在高等离子体密度时，间歇性事件的强度有所增加，而与之相应地，湍流粒子输运的大小也有所增强。     

Divergent Synthesis of Vinyl‐, Benzyl‐, and Borylsilanes: Aryl to Alkyl 1,5‐Palladium Migration/Coupling Sequences

Organosilicon compounds have been extensively utilized both in industry and academia. Studies on the syntheses of diverse organosilanes is highly appealing. Through‐space metal/hydrogen shifts allow functionalization of C?H bonds at a remote site, which are otherwise difficult to achieve. However, until now, an aryl to alkyl 1,5‐palladium migration process seems to have not been presented. Reported herein is the remote olefination, arylation, and borylation of a methyl group on silicon to access diverse vinyl‐, benzyl‐, and borylsilanes, constituting a unique C(sp³)?H transformation based on a 1,5‐palladium migration process.     

粉末晶体(ZrO2)x(Bi2O3)1-x(x=1.0, 0.97) 晶体结构分析

为了确定ZrO2和(ZrO2)0.97(Bi2O3)0.03的晶体结构和原子热振动各向同性温度因子B，对该粉末晶体进行X射线衍射实验，建立了晶体结构模型，进行晶体结构分析。首先，采用共沉淀法和高温固相烧结法制备了纳米氧化锆ZrO2和(ZrO2)0.97(Bi2O3)0.03粉末晶体，接着，使用X射线测试仪对两种样品进行了衍射实验（XRD），利用Rietveld 精修方法的 RIETAN-2000程序对所得实验结果进行了晶体结构分析，获得了晶体结构参量和原子热振动各向同性温度因子B。通过Maximum Entropy Method（MEM）解析得到了粉末晶体(ZrO2)x(Bi2O3)1-x(x=1.0，0.97)的等高电子密度分布可视化图谱。结果表明，(ZrO2)0.97(Bi2O3)0.03的晶胞体积比ZrO2的晶胞体积大分别为140.6850 Å3和140.5637Å3；ZrO2晶体的原子热振动各向同性温度因子B(Zr)、BO(1)、BO(2)和 B（Bi）分别为0.690、0.269、 0.178 和 0 Å2，(ZrO2)0.97(Bi2O3)0.03晶体的分别为0.460 、0.583 、0.121 和0.581 Å2。 确定了(ZrO2)0.97(Bi2O3)0.03的晶体结构属于单斜晶系，实现了等高电子密度分布三维（3D）和二维（2D）的可视化，进一步确定了晶体结构和原子位置。