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1.
Current forensic DNA profiles are obtained based on analyses of PCR product sizes or DNA sequence polymorphisms. Sometimes routine forensic analysis using short tandem repeat (STR) generates unsuccessful DNA testing result if the biological sample encountered is excessively degraded and low-template DNA. Herein, a new six-color fluorescence labeling system, including 59 autosomal diallelic deletion or insertion polymorphisms (DIPs), 2 miniSTRs, 2 Y-chromosome DIPs, and 1 Amelogenin gene with the amplicon sizes of less than 200 bp, was self-developed. According to the validation guidelines for DNA analysis methods formulated by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods, the validation studies have also been carried out for the multiplex system. This novel panel possessed the features of strong stability, high sensitivity, and good specificity, which was especially suitable for the forensic degraded and mixed sample detections. The cumulative power of exclusion and cumulative matching probability of the system were 0.9999978 and 9.833E-28, respectively, in Han Chinese in Hunan, China. Moreover, this system will be an effective new tool that can be independently applied to forensic personal identification and paternity testing in the populations from the East Asia region, even from the South Asia, America, and Europe regions. The system can also contribute to population phylogenetic affinity and genetic structure analyses among different populations.  相似文献   
2.
石墨炔(GDY,g-CnH2n-2)作为一种新型的由sp和sp2杂化的碳原子构成的二维碳材料,因其独特的纳米级孔隙、二维层状共轭骨架结构及半导体性质等特性,使之在能源、电化学、光催化、光学、电子学等诸多领域具有显著优势.它作为一种具有良好的层状结构的新型碳材料,其可调节的电子结构弥补了石墨烯无明显带隙的缺点,有望在光催化分解水领域展现出广阔的应用前景.本文报道了以CuI粉末为催化剂制备石墨炔的新方法,并对其进行改性后制备了Co9S8-GDY-CuI新型复合材料;即通过有机合成法和水热法将GDY-CuI片层材料与Co9S8纳米颗粒复合,合理构建了S型异质结,展现出良好的光催化活性.石墨炔的层状结构有利于Co9S8纳米粒子的分散,能够有效避免粒子聚集,从而暴露出更多的活性位点.石墨炔独特的电子转移特性使得它与染料分子之间的相互作用和键合都能表现出良好的电子转移特性.因此,制备的Co9S8-GDY-CuI在染料敏化体系中的产氢活性达到了1411.82μmolg-1h-1,是纯石墨炔的10.29倍.通过表征技术深入研究了该复合材料产氢活性提高的内在原因.拉曼光谱研究结果表明材料中存在炔基键,X射线光电子能谱中碳拟合峰以C-C(sp2)和C-C(sp)的形式存在,且两者之间的峰面积之比约为1:2,该结果与理论值吻合.红外光谱结果表明,纯石墨炔和复合材料中存在C≡C.结合紫外可见漫反射和莫特-肖特基表征结果对材料的能带结构进行了深入分析并且提出了该反应的可能机理.结果表明,Co9S8-GDY-CuI样品之间形成了双S型异质结,有效地加速了电子的分离和转移.S型异质结的存在有利于提高材料内部的电荷分离效率,保留了更为有效的氧化还原电位,更有利于该材料光催化分解水反应的进行.此外,复合材料中Co9S8纳米粒子的引入提高了Co9S8-GDY-CuI对可见光的吸收能力,增强了对于可见光的利用率.光致发光光谱和电化学测试结果进一步证明了复合材料中光生电子-空穴对的复合被有效抑制,是Co9S8-GDY-CuI材料产氢活性得以提高的内在原因之一.上述研究表明,Co9S8-GDY-CuI之间异质结的构建为材料光催化反应的进行提供了一条有效的电子转移路径.本文为石墨炔材料在光催化分解水制氢相关领域提供了一个可借鉴的新思路.  相似文献   
3.
随着全球环境问题日益严重以及能源需求的不断增长,人们对高效环境修复与能源转换技术的需求日益增强.以半导体材料为光催化剂,可将可再生的太阳能转化为化学能,有望成为解决人类面临的能源和环境问题的有效途径.其中,开发高效稳定的光催化剂是该技术得以实际应用的关键.近几十年,研究人员开发出多种半导体材料并应用于光催化研究.其中,具有可见光响应的有机非金属光催化剂石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)因其稳定的分子结构,较小的禁带宽度(~2.7 e V)以及合适的能带结构而备受关注.然而,与大多数半导体光催化剂相似,由于传统g-C3N4上的光生电子和空穴极易复合,表面催化活性位点较少,可见光响应范围较窄,使得其催化效率不高.基于g-C3N4独特的有机分子结构,通过引入功能化的特定基团以优化g-C3N4的电子能带结构,促进载流子传输,拓展可见光响应范围,是提高其光催化效率的有效途径.已有研究表明,在各种功能化官能团中,具有强电负性的含氧基团对g-C3N4的Melon单元优化是非常有效的.因此,本文通过g-C3N4与氨基磺酸间的简单固相热反应成功合成了磺酸基功能化的g-C3N4纳米片(SACN),并实现了同步增强的相互作用.根据固体强酸特性,氨基磺酸可以在热处理的辅助下对g-C3N4进行酸刻蚀,从而增加其比表面积以及表面催化活性位点.更重要的是,理论计算与实验表征结果表明,磺酸基团的吸电子诱导效应所产生的电荷驱动力可极大改善g-C3N4的电荷转移动力学,有效抑制了它们的再结合.此外,吸电子诱导效应还可促进g-C3N4的局域电子再分布,进而降低g-C3N4的导带电位,增强光诱导电子的还原能力.光催化性能测试结果表明,SACN-400样品(前驱体中氨基磺酸加入量为400 mg)在光催化分解水制备氢气以及光降解传统污染物领域展现出较好的性能,其在入射光波长为420±15 nm时的产氢表观量子效率为11.03%.综上,本文为设计合成具有较高产氢性能以及污染物降解效率的石墨相氮化碳基光催化剂提供了一种简便有效的策略.  相似文献   
4.
Yin  Jin  Ouyang  Qing-Feng  Sun  Zhao-Bo  Wu  Feng-Yang  Liu  Qian  Zhang  Xi-Xi  Xu  Ling  Lin  Hao  Zhong  Gan-Ji  Li  Zhong-Ming 《高分子科学》2022,40(6):593-601

Components of co-continuous phase can form an interpenetrating network structure, which has great potential to synergistically improve the mechanical properties of the blends, and to impart the functional blends superior electrical conductivity and permeability. In this work, the effects of shear rates (50–5000 s?1) at different temperatures on the phase morphology, phase size and lamellar crystallites of biodegradable co-continuous polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT)/polybutylene succinate (PBS) blend are quantitatively investigated. The results show that the above features of the PBAT/PBS have a strong dependence on the shear flow and thermal field. The co-continuous phase of the blend is well maintained at 130 °C. Interestingly, this phase structure transforms into a “sea-island” structure at 160 °C, which gradually recovers to a co-continuous phase when the shear rate increases from 1000 s?1 to 5000 s?1. The phase size decreases with the increase of shear rate both at 130 °C and 160 °C due to the refinement and deformation of phase structures caused by strong shear stress. Unexpectedly, a unique phenomenon is observed that the shear-induced lamellar crystallites are oriented perpendicular to shear direction in the range of 500–5000 s?1 at 130 °C, while the orientation of lamellar crystallites at 160 °C is along the shear direction within the whole range of shear rates. The degree of orientation for the PBAT/PBS blend crystals increases first and then decreases at both temperatures above. In addition, the range of shear rate has reached the level in the industrial processing. Therefore, this work has important guiding significance for the regulation of the co-continuous phase structure and the performance for the blend in the practical processing.

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5.
聚合物材料表面金属化在通讯、电子、航空航天领域具有重要应用. 化学镀铜是聚合物材料表面金属化的主要技术之一. 聚合物材料表面的前处理直接影响化学镀铜层的结合力及镀层平整度. 本综述详细介绍非导电聚合物材料的种类、组成以及性能, 并概述其表面化学镀铜前处理的研究进展.  相似文献   
6.
肝靶向磁共振对比剂有助于肝细胞癌的早期诊断, 目前临床使用的线性对比剂存在导致病人肾源性系统性纤维化和钆离子沉积的风险. 本工作设计制备了一类含有乙氧芳基或甲氧苯基亲脂性基团、以DOTA-酰肼(DOTA: 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)为Gd3+离子螯合基团的大环类磁共振对比剂. 0.5 T磁场下测得其纵向弛豫率r1值介于3.7~5.4 L•mmol-1•s-1, 优于临床使用对比剂Gd-DOTA, 弛豫率最高的为对比剂7h (Gd-DOTAH-EOPEI) (EOPEI: 1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethanimine), 略高于临床使用肝靶向对比剂Gd-EOB-DTPA (EOB: ethoxybenzyl; DTPA: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), 比我们前期制得的肝靶向磁共振对比剂5d提高了约15%. 动物活体体内肝靶向磁共振成像研究显示, 所制备对比剂7b、7g和7h具有作为肝靶向磁共振对比剂的应用潜力. 结合弛豫率和活体体内成像数据, 筛选出了先导化合物7h.  相似文献   
7.
4D printing is an exciting branch of additive manufacturing. It relies on established 3D printing techniques to fabricate objects in much the same way. However, structures which fall into the 4D printed category have the ability to change with time, hence the “extra dimension.” The common perception of 4D printed objects is that of macroscopic single-material structures limited to point-to-point shape change only, in response to either heat or water. However, in the area of polymer 4D printing, recent advancements challenge this understanding. A host of new polymeric materials have been designed which display a variety of wonderful effects brought about by unconventional stimuli, and advanced additive manufacturing techniques have been developed to accommodate them. As a result, the horizons of polymer 4D printing have been broadened beyond what was initially thought possible. In this review, we showcase the many studies which evolve the very definition of polymer 4D printing, and reveal emerging areas of research integral to its advancement.  相似文献   
8.
Li  Si Cong  Jin  Yu Jian  Xue  Xin  Xu  Guang Hua 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》2022,58(1):138-140
Chemistry of Natural Compounds -  相似文献   
9.
Song  Chunying  Yu  Dongping  Jin  Gaowa  Zhou  Yongzheng  Han  Ziwei  Zhou  Han  Huo  Liduo  Liu  Lijie  Guo  Zhimou  Liang  Xinmiao 《Chromatographia》2022,85(5):447-454

Fluorinated stationary phases provide unique separation effect on basic compounds, due to the fluorine atoms, and pentafluorophenyl stationary phases (PFPs) are the most widely used. Considering that some fluoroalkyls have higher fluorine contents than PFPs do, it is speculated that fluoroalkyl stationary phases should have potential new applications. Herein, we synthesized a silica-based stationary phase bonding perfluoroctyl (FC8) proved by characterization through elemental analysis and solid-state 13C cross-polarization/magic-anglespinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The chromatographic behavior of the stationary phase was evaluated with test compounds. In addition, to further study the applicability of FC8 materials, Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. fraction, considered as a challenging medicine on reversed-phase chromatography columns, was chosen as a test sample. Results demonstrated that the FC8 stationary phase had better and more satisfactory separation performance than the PFP stationary phase on basic compounds.

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10.
Surface plasmon can trigger or accelerate many photochemical reactions, especially useful in energy and environmental industries. Recently, molecular adsorption has proven effective in modulating plasmon-mediated photochemistry, however the realized chemical reactions are limited and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Herein, by using in situ dark-field optical microscopy, the plasmon-mediated oxidative etching of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), a typical hot-hole-driven reaction, is monitored continuously and quantitatively. The presence of thiol or thiophenol molecules is found essential in the silver oxidation. In addition, the rate of silver oxidation is modulated by the choice of different thiol or thiophenol molecules. Compared with the molecules having electron donating groups, the ones having electron accepting groups accelerate the silver oxidation dramatically. The thiol/thiophenol modulation is attributed to the modulation of the charge separation between the Ag NPs and the adsorbed thiol or thiophenol molecules. This work demonstrates the great potential of molecular adsorption in modulating the plasmon-mediated photochemistry, which will pave a new way for developing highly efficient plasmonic photocatalysts.  相似文献   
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