超流费米气体中两维孤子的动力学

我们利用解析和数值的方法,研究从Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer(BCS)超流到玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)渡越的过程里超流费米气体中两维(2D)孤子的形成和演化.基于超流流体力学方程,在准二维和长波近似下,推导描述弱非线性激发带正色散项的Kadomtsev-Petviashvili方程;给出整个BCS-BEC渡越的2D孤子解,以及数值求解孤子在囚禁势中的演化.数值结果显示由于Snake(横向)不稳定性,大振幅的暗孤子会衰变为大量涡旋-反涡旋对,并且这个不稳定性在不同超流区域不同.     

平均场框架下两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中集体激发的阻尼

研究两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中集体激发的阻尼,该阻尼包括朗道和巴利耶夫两种机制。采用哈特利-福特-波戈留波夫平均场理论,基于单分量系统理论,构建了两分量系统的理论框架,严格按照单分量系统理论推导公式,并且分析两分量系统和单分量系统在理论框架构建上的主要差别。以理想的能级连续的均匀系统朗道阻尼为例进行半经典近似计算,展示粒子相互作用细节,说明所提理论的物理意义和应用方法。在计算过程中,通过无量纲阻尼函数分析朗道阻尼与温度的依赖关系,分析对阻尼有贡献的准粒子跃迁,包括同类型准粒子之间和不同类型准粒子之间的各种情况,并通过误差函数分析不同能量范围的准粒子跃迁对阻尼的贡献。     

Landau damping and frequency-shift of a quadrupole mode in a disc-shaped rubidium Bose–Einstein condensate

The damping and frequency-shift in Landau mechanism of a quadrupole mode in a disc-shaped rubidium Bose–Einstein condensate are investigated by using the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov approximation. The practical relaxations of the elementary excitations and the orthometric relation among them are taken into account to obtain advisable calculation formula for damping as well as frequency-shift. The first approximation of Gaussian distribution function is employed for the ground-state wavefunction to suitably eliminate the divergence of the analytic three-mode coupling matrix elements.According to these methods, both Landau damping rate and frequency-shift of the quadrupole mode are analytically calculated. In addition, all the theoretical results agree with the experimental ones.     

Landau damping of collective mode in a quasi-two-dimensional repulsive Bose-Einstein condensate

We investigate the Landau damping of the collective mode in a quasi-two-dimension repulsive Bose-Einstein condensate by using the self-consistent time-dependent Hatree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation and a complete and orthogonal eigenfunction set for the elementary excitation of the system.We calculate the three-mode coupling matrix element between the collective mode and the thermal excited quasi-particles and the Landau damping rate of the collective mode.We discuss the dependence of the Landau damping on temperature,on atom number in the condensate,on transverse trapping frequency and on the length of the condensate.The energy width of the collective mode is taken into account in our calculation.With little approximation,our theoretic calculation results agree well with the experimental ones and are helpful for deducing the damping mechanics and the inter-particle interaction.     

关于量子力学中波函数复数表示的讨论

以自由粒子为例,分别从薛定谔方程、时间和空间的平移对称性以及波函数的物理意义3个方面,讨论量子力学中平面简谐波应该是复数形式的.     

BCS-BEC渡越过程中超流费米气体Efimovian膨胀的研究

基于耦合流体力学方程组,分别研究了各向同性和各向异性轴对称势阱下Bardeen-CooperSchrieffer–Bose-Einstein condensate(BCS-BEC)渡越过程中超流费米气体的Efimovian膨胀.当费米气体处于幺正极限,体系标度不变,气体膨胀尺寸展现出一系列平台结构,气体的演化由对数周期函数描述;当费米气体处于非幺正极限超流区域,体系标度不变性破缺,气体的演化偏离对数周期变化;另外我们还发现对于各向异性的费米气体,即使处于幺正极限,谐振子势的各向异性也会导致体系标度不变性破缺.     

雪茄形铷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中单极子模的朗道阻尼和频移

采用含时哈特里-福克-博戈留波夫近似研究雪茄形铷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中单极子模的朗道阻尼和频移. 通过考虑元激发的实际弛豫及其各弛豫间的正交关系改进原有方法, 并由此给出计算朗道阻尼和频移的新公式. 此外, 令凝聚体边界处动能密度为零代替令基态能量极小以改进原消除三模耦合矩阵元的方法. 通过这些改进, 同时计算阻尼和频移, 并讨论它们的温度依赖, 所得理论结果都与实验符合. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 朗道阻尼和频移 哈特里-福克-博戈留波夫近似 托马斯-费米近似     

Collective Modes of a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Superfluid Fermi Gas in BCS-BEC Crossover

We investigate the collective modes of a quasi-two-dimensional （Q2D） superfluid Fermi gas in Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer Bose-Einstein condensation （BCS-BEC） crossover. For solving a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation by using a time-dependent variational method, we take a trial wavefunction with the form of hybrid Gaussianparabolic type, which not only reflects the Q2D character of the system and also allows an essentially analytical approach of the problem. We present a Q2D criterion that is valid for various superfluid regimes and displays clearly the relation between the maximum condensed particle number and the parameters of trapping potential as well as atom-atom interaction. We show that due to the small particle number in the Q2D condensate, the contribution to oscillating frequencies by the quantum pressure in the strong confinement direction is significant and hence a Thomas-Fermi approximation can not be used.     

关于无穷远处波函数的讨论

在以前工作的基础上,通过引举3个相关问题,对量子力学中无穷远处波函数为零的假设进行了比较详细的讨论.     

独立点线面状波函数在动量空间中的干涉图象

在实空间中,独立类点、线、面状及其阵列波函数可以不发生相遇,因而不会干涉,而在波矢或者动量空间中,他们会相遇并产生干涉图像.发现一个基本规律,独立的个数越多,在动量空间中的干涉图像就越来越局域,不过在局域的区间内会产生干涉的精细结构.这类干涉图像的研究,有助于理解量子力学的本质.