热裂解处理样品-气相色谱-质谱法应用于聚苯乙烯中聚氯乙烯的定性和定量检测

为了间接减少聚氯乙烯(PVC)中添加剂对环境和人体健康的危害,采用热裂解处理样品-气相色谱-质谱法对聚苯乙烯(PS)中的PVC进行了定性和定量检测。称取聚苯乙烯样品1.0mg置于样品舟中,按单击裂解模式在500℃条件下裂解。在裂解过程中,样品中的PVC首先脱掉其主链上的HCl,然后主链断裂并环化形成苯、苯乙烯、甲苯、茚、萘、苊、芴、蒽等芳香族化合物,裂解产物通过DB-5MS色谱柱分离,并进入质谱分析,得到各裂解产物的指纹谱图。在PVC阳性样品谱图中所得到的样品的裂解峰以及保留时间与PVC标准品所得的相同,可定性判定样品中存在PVC,且PVC的特征裂解峰的丰度比与PVC标准品的裂解峰的丰度比一致,说明样品中不存在干扰PVC测定的物质,此时,可通过测定裂解产物苯对PVC进行定量测定。用自行配制的工作曲线用样品制作工作曲线,测得PVC裂解产物中苯的峰面积与PVC质量在0.5～50μg之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)为106mg·kg~(-1)。对含PVC 20μg的工作曲线用样品测定6次,计算得相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.6%。对9个PVC阳性样品进行回收试验,测得其回收率在84.0%以上。     

Tighter Constraints of Multiqubit Entanglement

Monogamy and polygamy relations characterize the distributions of entanglement in multipartite systems.We provide classes of monogamy and polygamy inequalities of multiqubit entanglement in terms of concurrence, entanglement of formation, negativity, Tsallis-q entanglement, and Rényi-α entanglement, respectively. We show that these inequalities are tighter than the existing ones for some classes of quantum states.     

Photoproduction of J/ψ in non-single-diffractive p+p collisions

Significant enhancements of J/ψ production at very low transverse momenta were recently observed by the ALICE and STAR collaborations in peripheral hadronic A+A collisions. The anomalous excess points to coherent photon-nucleus interactions in violent hadronic heavy-ion collisions, which were conventionally studied only in ultra-peripheral collisions. Assuming that the coherent photoproduction is the underlying mechanism responsible for the excess observed in peripheral A+A collisions, its contribution in p+p collisions with nuclear overlap, i.e. nonsingle-diffractive collisions, is of particular interest. In this paper, we perform a calculation of exclusive J/ψ photoproduction in non-single-diffractive p+p collisions at the RHIC and LHC energies based on the pQCD motivated parametrization using the world-wide experimental data, which could be further employed to improve the precision of the phenomenological calculations for photoproduction in A+A collisions. The differential rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of J/ψ from photoproduction are presented. In comparison with the J/ψ production from hadronic interactions, we find that the contribution of photoproduction is negligible.     

CHARACTERIZATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN OUTDOOR AND INDOOR BIOAEROSOLS IN AN OFFICE BUILDING

1.IntroductionBioaerosolsaremicroorganismsorparticles,gases,vapors,orfragmentsofbiologicalorigin(i.e.,aliveorreleasedfromalivingorganism)thatexistintheair.Bioaerosolsareeverywhereintheenvironment.Underfavorableconditions,bioaerosolsareabletogrowandpropagateonavarietyofbuildingmaterialsandindoorsurfaces,causingindoorairpollution.Therefore,owingtotheirubiquitouspresenceinnature,bioaerosolsasapollutionsourcearealmostinevitableinarangeofenclosedenvironmentsandincommunityair(Kodama&McGee,1986;Lig…     

铝粉颗粒度对黑索金含铝炸药粉快速反应影响的微观特性研究

利用我们研制的光谱技术及回收技术成功地研究了含铝炸药粉中铝粉快速反应的微观特性。研究发现:铝粉越细，能和氧原子、氢原子（或含氧分子）反应的激励态铝原子增加，铝氢化反应与氧化反应加剧；但是颗粒度小于５０ｍ后，颗粒度对铝粉氧化反应的影响不明显。激励压力增加可导致铝粉氧化反应加强，激励压力大于１．２ＭＰａ后氢化反应减弱，激励态铝原子减少。激励态铝原子减少的原因是铝粉结块造成。     

汽油云雾中不同氧气、氮气含量对爆轰温度的影响

本文描述了一种利用多通道高温计测量汽油云雾爆轰瞬态温度的方法,这种方法既适合云雾爆轰辐射充满光纤接收角,又适用辐射部分进入光纤接收角,我们在激波管内,以光纤传输光能,用多通道高温计测量了汽油云雾中氧气、氮气对爆轰温度的影响。研究表明:对于富含汽油的混合物,增加氧含量可使爆轰温度增加;增加氮含量可导致爆轰温度下降,它和利用传感器测量结果吻合。     

THERMODYNAMIC AND PARTICLE-DYNAMIC STUDIES ON SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES USING MICROWAVE-INDUCED PLASMA CVD

1. Introduction1.1 Silica nanoparticles and synthesis methods Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles are widely used in industry asan active filler for polymer reinforcement, a rheologicaladditive in fluids, a free flow agent in powders, and anagent for chemical mechanical polishing during IC (inte-grated circuit) fabrication (Sniegowski & de Boer, 2000).Silica powder is also used for producing silicon carbide(Koc & Cattamanchi, 1998) or opaque silica aerosols (Leeet al., 1995). Many methods can …     

OFDMA中继系统中基于QoS保证的资源分配算法

研究了 OFDMA 中继下行链路通信系统中的动态资源分配问题,提出了一种可以保证用户最低 QoS 需求的资源分配算法.首先在简化资源优化问题的过程中,采用等功率分配方法以降低算法复杂度,然后通过拉格朗日松弛优化方法推导出了子载波分配和中继选择最优解,并在此基础上引入用户速率权衡因子,根据速率权衡因子越大的用户,越具有选择子载波和中继的优先权这一准则进行子载波分配和中继选择.仿真结果表明:新算法能够获得较高的系统容量,同时也能很好地保证不同用户的最低速率需求.     

基于PIV图像处理法的管内低浓度液固两相流颗粒运动特性研究

为了研究管内低浓度液固两相流颗粒运动特性,提出一种基于PIV图像处理法的液固两相流颗粒速度场、涡量场及速度大小的分析方法。通过高速摄影仪获得不同工况下流场的运动图像,运用Canny算子边缘检测法分割图像提取粒子,由互相关函数获得粒子速度和方向,重建二维场。速度矢量场与颗粒运动轨迹相符,说明该方法可用于管内低浓度液固两相流动测量。研究发现:流量越大,流场越复杂,颗粒速度分布越混乱,涡量变化范围越大。流量、浓度和粒径对颗粒速度有显著影响。颗粒速度随浓度、粒径的增大而减小,而随流量增大正好相反。水平管中,颗粒粒径越小,颗粒速度增幅越大,最大约为2倍;流量越大,不同粒径组合下颗粒速度差越大,约达1.5倍。