货币金属团簇的结构、稳定性与反应活性

团簇与气体分子的气相反应质谱技术是研究团簇稳定性和反应活性的主要手段,对比反应前后的质谱图横纵坐标变化,可以获得产物、团簇反应活性等信息;结合第一性原理计算,可以深入挖掘团簇、反应中间体、最终产物的结构,探究反应热力学、动力学过程,揭示团簇结构、稳定性与反应活性的内在关联。本文综述了Cu-n、Ag-n团簇与NO和O2、O2的气相反应质谱和第一性原理计算研究进展,阐述了具有独特稳定性的新奇开壳层超原子Cu-18、双闭壳层超原子Ag-17的稳定性来源,揭示了NO在Cu-n团簇上吸附的反馈与负反馈作用机制,O2分别在Cu-2n+1、Cu-2n+1(或Ag-2n)团簇上遵循双电子、单电子转移机制。其中,O2在Cu-n上的电子转移机制由自旋守恒规则调控,将团簇和O2分别类比于碱、酸溶液,根据不同碱性团簇跨越不同程度的自旋激发或解离势垒并于最后放出近乎相同热量的现象,提出O2吸附与解离新机制自旋协同的拉平效应。能量分解-化学价态自然轨道数据显示,金属Cu-n团簇对NO和O2的活性以及Ag-n团簇对O2的活性皆受团簇的几何构型、电子结构、能量学数据调控。     

银团簇上吸附氧原子与氢气作用的研究

The interactions between Ag_nO^-(n=1-8) and H₂ (or D₂) were explored by combination of the mass spectroscopy experiments and density function theory (DFT) calculations. The experiments found that all oxygen atoms in Ag_nO^-(n=1-8) are inert in the interactions with H₂ or D₂ at the low temperature of 150 K, which is in contrast to their high reactivity with CO under the same condition. These observations are parallel with the preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO in excess hydrogen catalyzed by dispersed silver species in the condensed phase. Possible reaction paths between Ag_nO^-(n=1-8) and H₂ were explored using DFT calculations. The results indicated that adsorption of H₂ on any site of Ag_nO^-(n=1-8) is extremely weak, and oxidation of H₂ by any kind of oxygen in Ag_nO^-(n=1-8) has an apparent barrier strongly dependent on the adsorption style of the "O". These experiments and theoretical results about cluster reactions provided molecule-level insights into the activity of atomic oxygen on real silver catalysts.