Progress on accurate measurement of the Planck constant:Watt balance and counting atoms

The Planck constant h is one of the most significant constants in quantum physics.Recently,the precision measurement of the value of h has been a hot issue due to its important role for the establishment of both a new SI and a revised fundamental physical constant system.Up to date,two approaches,the watt balance and counting atoms,have been employed to determine the Planck constant at a level of several parts in 108.In this paper,the principle and progress on precision measurement of the Planck constant using watt balance and counting atoms at national metrology institutes are reviewed.Further improvement in determining the Planck constant and possible developments of a revised physical constant system in future are discussed.     

氧化还原可逆Nb2TiO7复合阴极电解池高温水蒸气电解研究

系统地研究Nb₂TiO₇与Nb_1.33Ti_0.67O₄材料相互转变的氧化还原循环可逆性能,同时研究Nb2TiO7和Nb_1.33Ti_0.67O₄样品随温度和氧分压变化的电导率,并与复合电极对称电池和电解池的电化学性能相关联. 在830 oC下,对Nb_1.33Ti_0.67O₄复合电极电解池进行水蒸气的电解研究测试. 电流电压曲线和电解池短期性能测试表明在低电压下主要为电极的还原和活化过程;而在高电压下主要为水蒸气的电解. 当3%H₂O/Ar/4%H_{2气体通入阴极时电解池水蒸气电解的法拉第效率为98.9%;而当通入气体转换为3%H2O/Ar时效率为89%.}     

Nonlinearity and periodic solution of a standard-beam balance oscillation system

We present the motion equation of the standard-beam balance oscillation system,whose beam and suspensions,compared with the compound pendulum,are connected flexibly and vertically.The nonlinearity and the periodic solution of the equation are discussed by the phase-plane analysis.We find that this kind of oscillation can be equivalent to a standard-beam compound pendulum without suspensions;however,the equivalent mass centre of the standard beam is extended.The derived periodic solution shows that the oscillation period is tightly related to the initial pivot energy and several systemic parameters:beam length,masses of the beam,and suspensions,and the beam mass centre.A numerical example is calculated.     

原料NiO粉末对燃料电池Ni/SDC阳极材料微结构和性能的影响

分别采用商用氧化镍和煅烧碱式碳酸镍所得氧化镍粉末与Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ(SDC)粉末混合,经压制烧结制得燃料电池NiO/SDC阳极烧结体,经H2还原后得到Ni/SDC金属陶瓷阳极材料,考察了不同NiO原料和加入量对阳极烧结体和阳极材料的微结构及相关性能的影响,还对以Ni/SDC为阳极构建的燃料电池单电池的性能进行了测试。实验结果表明:煅烧碱式碳酸镍所得NiO粉末和商用NiO粉末的平均粒径分别约为1.1μm和8μm,前者更为均匀细小;由煅烧碱式碳酸镍所得NiO所制备的Ni/SDC阳极材料具有更高的电导率,含40%NiO的阳极材料(S-Ni/40SDC),在H2气氛中的电导率可达117.5 S·cm-1。以煅烧碱式碳酸镍所得的NiO制备的NiO/SDC为阳极,SDC为电解质,(Y0.5Ca0.5)BaCo3ZnO7-50SDC为阴极的单电池在700℃下的最大输出功率达225 mW/cm2,开路电压为0.85 V,电池性能优于以商用NiO为阳极原料所构建的单电池。     

一种用保角变换求解带电Kelvin电容器边缘效应所产生静电力的解析模型

提出了一种用于弱力测量的带电Kelvin电容器产生静电力的新型工作方式. 该工作方式的优点是在机械上可明显简化静电力的实现, 避免了带电Kelvin电容器在传统工作方式下需要同步移动中心电极和保护电极的困难; 缺点是因Kelvin 电容器的边缘效应, 会不可避免地随之产生一个小的静电力分量, 需要准确建立它的数学模型, 方可清晰地评估它对测量结果的影响. 为解决此问题, 本文采用部分电容模拟和保角变换, 将二维电场的计算转换为一维电场计算问题, 并基于此, 得到了一种合理表征Kelvin电容器边缘效应所产生静电力分量的解析模型. 通过与一个具体计算实例的有限元计算求解结果相比较, 分析了所建立的解析模型的准确性.