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三聚氰胺甲醛树脂具有良好的耐热性和胶接强度大等特点,因此被广泛应用于木材加工用的胶粘剂、涂料的固化剂、纸张湿强剂中。但是三聚氰胺的刚性三嗪环结构会导致三聚氰胺甲醛树脂存在硬脆、力学性能差、强度低、拉伸和弯曲性能差等缺陷。上述缺陷限制了三聚氰胺甲醛树脂在某些领域中的应用。为了扩大其应用范围,三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的增韧问题得到了越来越多的关注。本文主要综述了小分子增韧和高分子增韧两种主要方法,其中小分子增韧又包括异氰脲酸酯增韧、二元醇增韧、二元醛增韧、胺类增韧以及多种小分子协同增韧。高分子增韧包括聚多元醇增韧和聚氨酯增韧。此外,还介绍了生物质增韧、硅烷增韧等其他几种方法,并阐述了上述方法的增韧机理。 相似文献
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Based on the parent tetrazole 2N-oxide, six series of novel carbon-linked ditetrazole 2N-oxides with different energetic substituent groups (-NH2, -N3, -NO2, NF2, -NHNO2) and energetic bridge groups (-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-, -NH-, -N=N-, -NH-NH-) were designed. The overall performance and the effects of different energetic substituent groups and energetic bridge groups on the performance were investigated by density functional theory and electrostatic potential methods. The results showed that most of designed compounds have oxygen balance around zero, high heats of formation, high density, high energy, and acceptable sensitivity, indicating that tetrazole N-oxide is a useful parent energetic compound employed for obtaining high energy compounds, even only combined with some very common energetic substituent groups and bridge groups. Comprehensively considering the effects on energy and sensitivity, the -NO2, -NF2, -NH-and -NH-NH-are appropriate substituent groups for combining tetrozale N-oxide to design new energetic compounds, while -NH2, -N3, -CH2-CH2-, and -N=N-are inappropriate. 相似文献
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