金微/纳颗粒阵列的SERS效应研究

表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering,简称为SERS)能够提供有机分子的指纹特征信息,且具有灵敏度高和响应时间快等优点,是一项具有发展前景的分析技术。纳米结构SERS基底是获得SERS信号的关键。本文利用简便的电沉积方法在硅片上制备大面积的金微/纳颗粒阵列。金纳米颗粒之间存在大量狭小的纳米间隙,在光激发下产生大量的SERS"热点",从而具有很高的SERS灵敏度。而且,这种金微/纳结构具有高结构稳定性和化学稳定性。该结构对浓度低至10-12 M的罗丹明6G(R6G)具有很高的SERS灵敏性,且具有很好的SERS信号均匀性。利用这种微/纳结构阵列SERS基底,实现对水中低浓度农药甲基对硫磷的成功检测。这表明我们制备的金微/纳颗粒阵列在检测环境中的毒性有机物污染物方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

贵金属纳米结构为敏感层的锥形光纤探针及其SERS活性

表面等离激元纳米结构与便携式光纤拉曼系统相结合,在液体样品和生物活体组织的快速、实时监测上有较好的应用前景。其核心技术是将具有表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性的贵金属纳米结构耦合到光纤探针表面。本文基于共价键结合原理,将3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷通过与锥形光纤探针表面的硅羟基形成共价键修饰在光纤上;同时,硅烷偶联剂末端的巯基与金或银纳米结构形成Au-S或Ag-S共价键,将金纳米粒子和银纳米立方体牢牢吸附到光纤探针表面。这种SERS光纤探针具有很高的稳定性(SERS信号相对标准偏差低于3%),对农残甲基对硫磷的敏感度达到10纳摩尔,对污染物的远程、便携式在线检测具有重要意义。     

PREPARATION OF NANOWIRES AND MICROARRAYS

We report on the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) solid nanostructures and ordered microarrays consisting of nanowires and carbon nanotubes. For 1D nanostructures, several synthesis methods, such as, carbothermal reduction of silica xerogels containing carbon nanoparticles, chemical vapor deposition on mesoporous active carbon with transition metal catalyst nanoparticles inside the pores, and simple physical evaporation with the help of transition metal nanoparticles as catalysts, have been used. For microarrays, anodic alumina membranes (AAMs) with highly ordered honeycomb structure were used as templates, chemical vapor reaction inside the nanochannels, Sol-gel technique, and selective electrodeposition in the channels, have been used to prepare microarrays embedded in AAMs.     

Blue Luminescence of CdS Nanowires Synthesized by Sulfurization

Polycrystalline CdS nanowires have been synthesized by sulfurizing metal Cd nanowires deposited electrochemically within the nanochannels of porous anodic alumina (PAA ) templates. Photoluminescence (PL) investigation shows that the CdS nanowires have an intensive and broad PL emission band peaked around 435 nm. The investigation results suggest that localized defects and excess S atoms existing in the CdS nanowires are responsible for this blue luminescence.     

镍钴磷包覆的碳纳米管与成分关联的磁性能

用化学镀方法在碳纳米管表面沉积了具有不同镍／钴成分配比的镍钴磷合金层．讨论了Co^2＋与Ni^2＋的浓度比、镀液温度、pH值对沉积速率的影响．并利用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪和磁性测疑仪对镍钴磷包覆碳纳米管进行了系统的结构和性能表征．结果表明：当镀液中Co^2＋与Ni^2＋的浓度比为1,pH值为9时沉积速率最大;镀液温度的升高会使沉积速率增大．磁性测试结果显示碳纳米管表面镀覆Ni—Co—P镀层后,其磁性能对镀层中的Ni、Co相对含量有强烈的依赖性．当Co^2＋：Ni^2＋=2：1时,饱和磁化强度最大．矫顽力分别在Co^2＋：Ni^2＋=1：2和Co^2＋：Ni^＋2＋=4：1时有2个峰值;而磁导率分别在Co^2＋：Ni^2＋=1：4和Co^2＋：Ni^2＋=4：1时有2个峰值．     

Composition Dependent Magnetic Properties of Ni-Co-P Coated Carbon Nanotubes

用化学镀方法在碳纳米管表面沉积了具有不同镍/钴成分配比的镍钴磷合金层．讨论了Co²⁺与Ni²⁺的浓度比、镀液温度、pH值对沉积速率的影响．并利用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪和磁性测量仪对镍钴磷包覆碳纳米管进行了系统的结构和性能表征．结果表明：当镀液中Co²⁺与Ni²⁺的浓度比为1,pH值为9时沉积速率最大;镀液温度的升高会使沉积速率增大．磁性测试结果显示碳纳米管表面镀覆Ni-Co-P镀层后,其磁性能对镀层中的Ni、Co相对含量有强烈的依赖性．当Co²⁺: Ni²⁺=2:1时,饱和磁化强度最大．矫顽力分别在Co²⁺: Ni²⁺=1:2和Co²⁺: Ni²⁺=4:1时有2个峰值; 而磁导率分别在Co²⁺: Ni²⁺=1:4和Co²⁺: Ni²⁺=4:1时有2个峰值．     

Chloride Assisted Growth of Aluminum Nitride Nanobelts and Their Enhanced Dielectric Responses

通过氯化物辅助的气-固生长方法成功地制备出了大量单晶的氮化铝纳米带. X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜以及选区衍射分析表明,所制备的纳米带是纯度高、结构均匀的单晶体,并具有六方的晶体结构. 显微观察表明所获得的氮化铝纳米带没有缺陷,其生长方向为[0001]方向. 测量了产物在50 Hz 到5 MHz范围内的介电频谱,谱图分析表明样品中的界面对样品的介电特性有很大的影响. 室温条件下,与氮化铝微米粉相比,氮化铝纳米带的介电常数高得多,并在低频情况下尤为显著.     

Micropolarizer of Ordered Ni Nanowire Arrays Embedded in Porous Anodic Alumina Membrane

A micropolarizer of nickel nanowire arrays within an anodic alumina membrane(AAM) was fabricated by anodization of pure Al and electrodeposition of Ni,resperctively,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and transmission-electron microscopy reveal that the nanowires are polyscrstal and have an average diameter of 70nm.Spectrophotometer measurements show that the nickel nanowire arrays embedded in the AAM can only transmit polarized light vertical to the wires.An extinction ratio of 25 to 30dB and an average insertion loss of 1.07dB in the wavelength range of 1-2.5um were obtained ,respectively.Thus,Ni nanowire/AAM can be used as a wire grid type micropolarizer.