水系钠离子电池的研究进展及实用化挑战

水系钠离子电池因其安全性高、成本低、环境友好等突出优势近些年来受到了广泛而深入的研究, 在取得巨大进展的同时也逐步开始了产业化进程. 但是与有机体系二次电池相比, 水系钠离子电池仍然极大地受限于电解液较窄的电化学稳定窗口和电极材料较差的循环稳定性. 迄今为止, 如何解决上述问题依然是这一领域发展的关键. 本综述主要概述了水系钠离子电池电极材料、电解液以及集流体的最新进展, 分析了开发高性能水系钠离子电池的挑战和可能的解决策略, 并进一步讨论了水系钠离子电池的发展前景.     

家电行业并购的财务风险预警研究

通过对家电行业的特点及其并购过程中财务风险的分析,建立了家电行业并购的财务风险评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定各指标权重,给出了我国家电行业并购财务风险预警的模糊综合评价模型,并通过四川长虹与美菱电器的并购案例进行了实证分析,对并购活动中财务风险防范与控制方面存在的问题进行了分析,明确了财务风险防范与控制的重点.     

低温促进表面等离激元共振效应及肌酐的超灵敏表面增强拉曼散射探测

肌酐是肾脏疾病诊断和监测的关键生物标志物,因此,快速、灵敏的肌酐检测非常重要.本文提供了一种通过提高低温下的光子诱导电荷转移效率来促进表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)活性的有效策略.采用种子生长法获得纳米金二十面体(Au₂₀),以此作为SERS活性基底.采用极低温(98 K)SERS检测技术实现对染料分子结晶紫(CV)和生理盐水中的肌酐含量的快速、灵敏检测.实验结果表明:常温296 K下, Au₂₀基底对CV分子的检测限(LOD)低至10^–12 mol/L,并且信号均匀;低温98 K时, CV分子的LOD可达10^–14 mol/L,比296 K时降低2个数量级.最后,使用Au₂₀基底对生理盐水中的肌酐进行无标记检测.结果表明,常温296 K时该SERS基底对肌酐的LOD为10^–6 mol/L, 1619 cm^–1峰的线性相关系数为0.9839.低温98 K时,肌酐的浓度探测极限低至10^–8 mol/L, 1619...     

Inversionless gain enhancing due to Doppler broadening in a closed lambda-type system

An analysis is made of the effect of Doppler broadening on gain without inversion （GWI） from different aspects in a closed lambda-type three-level system with an incoherent pump. It is shown that, regardless of the driving field being on resonance or not, for the counter- or co-propagating of the probe and driving fields （PDF）, GWI does not monotonically decrease or increase with increasing Doppler width. Except for the case of counter-propagating PDF with off-resonance driving field, at a suitable Doppler width one can obtain a gain maximum value much larger than that without Doppler broadening; especially in the situation of the resonant driving field, the co-propagating geometry leads to a larger GWI. In addition, for the counter-propagating geometry, when Doppler width is larger enough, GWI oscillation occurs, and the oscillation amplitude and region increase with increasing Doppler width. These conclusions are very different from that obtained in previous investigation （Lukin et al, Laser Phys. 6 436 （1996））.     

Imprints of molecular orbitals using photoelectron angular distribution by strong laser pulses of circular polarization

We theoretically investigate the strong-field ionization of H+2 molecules in four different electronic states by calculating photoelectron angular distributions in circularly polarized fields. We find that the structure of photoelectron angular distribution depends on the molecular orbital as well as the energy of the photoelectron. The location of main lobes changes with the symmetric property of the molecular orbital. Generally, for molecules with bonding electronic states, the photoelectron's angular distribution shows a rotation of π/2 with respect to the molecular axis, while for molecules with antibonding electronic states, no rotation occurs. We use an interference scenario to interpret these phenomena. We also find that, due to the interference effect, a new pair of jets appears in the waist of the main lobes, and the main lobes or jets of the photoelectron's angular distribution are split into two parts if the photoelectron energy is sufficiently high.     

随机需求下基于商业信用的回购与收入共享联合契约协调研究

在由单个供应商和单个零售商组成的供应链中,零售商由于资金短缺或风险规避不能达到系统的最优订货量,因此需要采取一些措施使得供应链节点企业间相互合作来实现供应链的协调。本文针对需求随机且供应链节点企业存在缺货惩罚的情况,通过设计基于商业信用(即供应商允许零售商延期支付货款)的完全回购契约来促进零售商提高订购量,以实现供应链系统达到最优利润,分析给出了该契约下的最优订货量和批发价格;在此基础上,为了合理分配供应链系统的总利润,建立了回购与收入共享联合契约模型,发现通过共享系数的变动能够实现供应链系统协调和渠道成员双赢。     

Comparison between effects of Doppler broadening on pure and non-pure inversionless gains with frequency up-conversion

A study is made of the effects of Doppler broadening on pure gain without inversion,which means that neither one-photon nor two-photon inversions are allowed,and non-pure gain without inversion,which means that one-photon inversion does not occur but two-photon inversion is present,in a closed Λ-type three-level system with incoherent pumping.It is shown that when the driving field is resonant but the probe field is not,in a certain range of Doppler width,for the case of the lower degree of frequency up-conversion,generally,pure gain without inversion increases monotonically and non-pure gain without inversion does not monotonically increase or decrease with increasing Doppler width;for the case of the higher degree of frequency up-conversion,pure gain without inversion decreases monotonically but non-pure gain without inversion cannot be produced.In the case of two-photon resonance,in some range of Doppler width,pure gain without inversion does not monotonically increase or decrease while non-pure gain without inversion decreases monotonically with Doppler width increasing.Finally,an experimental scheme for examining our theoretical result is given.     

Effect of spontaneously generated coherence on inversionless lasing gain in an atomic system with Doppler broadening

We have studied the effect of the spontaneously generated coherence （SGC） on gain of lasing without inversion （LWI） in a closed three-level A-type atomic system with Doppler broadening. It is shown that, regardless of the driving and probe fields being co- or counter-propagating, at a suitable value of the Doppler width, we can obtain a much larger LWI gain with SGC than that without SGC; and the region of the LWI gain spectrum with SGC is obviously larger than that without SGC. When the Doppler width takes a constant value, the gain does not monotonically decrease or increase with increasing strength of SGC, the largest LWI gain can be obtained by adjusting strength of SGC. Generally speaking, the co-propagating probe and driving fields is favourable to obtain a larger LWI gain.     

DAN荧光法等3种测定蛹虫草菌丝体中硒含量的方法比较

通过DAN荧光法,3,3-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法和邻苯二胺紫外分光光度法测定蛹虫草菌丝体中硒的含量,对测得结果进行统计分析,并对其检出限、回收率进行比较研究.研究结果表明,DAN荧光法、3,3-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法和邻苯二胺紫外分光光度法中,硒含量相对标准偏差分别是2.5%,9.2%和6.1%;线性回归系数都大于0....     

水下爆炸声源辅助声呐系统的目标定位和参数估计

系统阐述了利用水下爆炸声源作为发射声源,辅助声呐系统实现水下目标定位和目标方位、距离参数估计的方法。研究了目标散射信号的窄波束混响模型,以及混响背景下的目标方位参数的估计方法。对目标参数估计误差进行研究,证明方位参数、距离参数的估计误差近似满足高斯分布,并推导了距离参数估计误差方差的表达式。利用仿真实验对目标距离参数估计误差及其标准差进行研究,得出了一系列提高距离参数估计精度的措施。仿真和湖试数据处理结果显示,在存在一定爆炸声源距离误差的条件下,本文方法可实现对远距离水下目标的准确定位。