Infrared active phonon modes and ionicity of single crystal MgAl2O4

Near-normal incident infrared reflectivity spectra of （100） MgAl2O4 spinel single crystal have been measured at different temperatures in the frequency region between 50 and 6000 cm^-1. Eight infrared-active phonon modes are identified, which are fitted with the factorized form of the dielectric function. The dielectric property and optical conductivity of the MgAl2O4 crystal are analysed. From TO/LO splitting, the effective Szigeti charges and Born effective charges at different temperatures are calculated for studying the ionicity and the effect of polarization. Based on the relationship between the （LO-TO）1 splitting, which represents the transverse and longitudinal frequencies splitting of the highest energy phonon band in the reflectivity spectrum, and the ionic-covalent parameter, the four main phonon modes are assigned. MgA1204 can be considered as a pure ionic crystal and its optical characters do not change with decreasing temperature, so it may be used as a suitable substrate for high-Tc superconducting thin films.     

自复叠制冷循环中混合工质泄漏性能的研究

尽管自复叠制冷循环越来越广泛的用于深冷及普冷领域,对于循环中工质泄漏特性的研究却较少。以非共沸混合工质两相区的等温泄漏为基础,分析了在自复叠循环装置中各部件的泄漏对工质组成的影响,其中发生在冷凝器出口处、气液分离器和蒸发器出口处的泄漏对工质组成影响较大。以采用非共沸混合工质R600 a/CO2的自复叠低温冷冻箱为例,研究了不同泄漏点不同泄漏率的泄漏特性。结果说明当工质泄漏时混合工质组成和循环性能发生变化,在蒸发器出口处的泄漏对循环性能影响最大;当泄漏引起循环工质组成发生较大变化时,压缩机变容量和变压力比调节能力明显降低,此时系统不能满足设计工况的要求,工作性能变差。     

Three-dimensional numerical investigations of the laser-beam interactions in an undulator

Laser-beam interaction in an undulator is commonly suggested in the development of free electron laser (FEL) schemes. In this paper, a three-dimensional algorithm is developed to assist in laser-beam interaction simulation in an undulator, which is built on the basis of the fundamentals of electrodynamics, i.e. the electron's behavior is determined by the magnetic field and the laser electric field in the time domain. On the basis of the algorithm, the detuning effect in a laser heater, the carrier envelope phase effect of a few-cycle laser in attosecond X-ray FEL schemes and output wavelength tuning in a high gain harmonic generation FEL are numerically discussed.