端炔基对水溶液中聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)相转变的影响

通过原子转移自由基聚合,制备出低分子量、窄分布、端炔基的线形聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(alkynylPNIPAM),利用高灵敏示差扫描微量热技术,在升—降温循环过程中确定端炔基对alkynyl-PNIPAM相转变行为的影响.结果显示,随循环次数增加,升温热容曲线明显变宽,降温热容曲线由双峰逐渐变为单峰;升温和降温的相转变温度有逐渐降低的趋势,但焓变的变化很小.聚合物的低的分子量使端基效应不可忽视,alkynylPNIPAM的端炔基可诱导分子链聚集,形成小的端基聚集体,由于这些聚集体中链内和链间氢键作用,链构象调整变得困难,导致PNIPAM链在升温时更易塌缩、降温时更难解离.     

Practical security analysis of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with an unbalanced heterodyne detector

When developing a practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD), the detector is necessary at the receiver's side. We investigate the practical security of the CVQKD system with an unbalanced heterodyne detector. The results show that unbalanced heterodyne detector introduces extra excess noise into the system and decreases the lower bound of the secret key rate without awareness of the legitimate communicators, which leaves loopholes for Eve to attack the system. In addition, we find that the secret key rate decreases more severely with the increase in the degree of imbalance and the excess noise induced by the imbalance is proportional to the intensity of the local oscillator (LO) under the same degree of imbalance. Finally, a countermeasure is proposed to resist these kinds of effects.     

环筋对水下平底圆柱壳的声振特性影响

本文建立了计算两端带平底板的有限长圆柱壳水中声辐射的FEM／BEM三维模型，探索了加筋的高度、宽度、数目对平底圆柱壳的辐射功率、辐射效率、法向声强、声场指向性的影响规律。计算方法是在有限元软件ANSYS中做加筋平底圆柱壳建模、模态分析基础上，将有关数据（网格、模态）导入边界元软件SYSNOISE中计算流体结构耦合状态下的辐射声场特性。结果表明：（1）随着环筋高度、宽度增大，激励点声压峰和法向声强峰在0-400Hz频率范围内数目减少且峰向高频方向移动，同时辐射声功率在减小（除个别模态峰值外），而辐射效率随筋高增大而增大。（2）环筋数目的增加使激励点辐射声压和法向声强峰数目明显减少，使辐射声功率明显低于无筋圆柱壳的辐射声功率，辐射效率随环筋数目增大而增大。（3）环筋宽度变化对声场指向性影响不大；圆柱壳声场指向性随环筋高度和数目增加出现较大变化，尤其是在研究的频段内的f=51Hz和f=301Hz上。这对于水下结构辐射噪声预报以及噪声抑制具有重要意义。     

Improvement of a continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution system via quantum scissors

We propose a new scheme to enhance the performance of the Gussian-modulated coherent-state continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) system via quantum scissors (QS) operation at Bob's side. As an non-deterministic amplifying setup, we firstly introduce the QS-enhanced CV-MDI-QKD protocol and then investigate the success probability of the QS operation in accordance with the equivalent one-way scheme. Afterwards, we investigate the effect of the QS operation on the proposed scheme and analyze the performance of the QS-enhanced CV-MDI-QKD system under the extreme asymmetric circumstance. Simulation results show that the QS operation can indeed improve the performance of the CV-MDI-QKD system considerably. QS-enhanced CV-MDI-QKD protocol outperforms the original CV-MDI-QKD protocol in both the maximum transmission distance and the secret key rate. Moreover, the better the performance of QS operation, the more significant the improvement of performance of the system.     

外场对激光熔化沉积Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金组织性能的影响

为了实现高强度、高致密Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金的成功制备，基于激光熔化沉积技术制备了不同工艺条件下的合金块体试样，采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度仪和室温拉伸等实验方法，研究了水冷条件及超声振动辅助对沉积试样微观组织、孔隙缺陷演变及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：外部冷却场辅助可以显著提高基板对沉积试样累积热量的传输效率，从而降低沉积试样的孔隙率、提高致密度；超声振动辅助凭借其特有的声流效应与声空化效应，促进了熔池中小气泡的聚集与上浮，孔隙数量明显减少、尺寸明显减小，晶界处共晶相发生细化；在优化的外场辅助条件下，获得了沉积试样的最优力学性能，其屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率、显微硬度分别为234 MPa、385 MPa、17.1%、125.84 HV（加载载荷为1.96 N）。     

增材/等材复合制备Sc/Zr改性Al-Mg合金工艺研究

为了实现高性能、低孔隙率Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金在航空航天主承力结构领域的广泛应用，采用激光熔化沉积-热轧复合工艺制备了Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金试样。基于金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度和室温拉伸实验等检测方法，探究了复合工艺与微观组织和力学性能之间的关系，确定了最优工艺参数；研究了热轧压下量对沉积态试样微观组织演变、微孔缺陷闭合行为及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：微孔缺陷随压下量的增加而逐渐减少，当压下量达到50%时，微孔缺陷完全闭合，试样的强度和硬度显著提高，熔合线区域合金元素的分布变得均匀。在优化的工艺参数条件下，复合工艺制备试样的抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率和硬度分别为412 MPa、243 MPa、22.8%和118.76 HV，较未轧制试样分别提高了22.6%、12.5%、54.1%和15.3%。