基于光强与吸收率非线性同步拟合的吸收光谱测量方法

针对高压环境吸收谱线加宽以及波分复用技术合波透射信号分析测试难题,提出利用非线性拟合方法对激光吸收光谱测量中激光强度与吸收光谱进行耦合求解.建立激光强度非线性变化与多谱线吸收拟合函数关系,解决了特殊环境下无法获取光谱基线的难题,实现了波分复用过程合波后光谱信号的分离与诊断.通过仿真验证该方法的可行性,分析计算了激光器特性和特征谱线位置等因素对拟合结果的影响.搭建实验台实现了1—10 atm变压力环境下6330—6337 cm~(-1)波段CO_2吸收光谱叠加信号的诊断分析,对气液两相脉冲爆轰过程中7185.6 cm~(-1)与7444.35 cm~(-1)波段波分复用光谱信号进行测试与拟合,无需分光设备实现了耦合光路分离和温度计算,研究结果对激光吸收光谱技术在高压环境以及燃烧环境下波分复用技术的发展具有重要意义.     

Modified adaptive algebraic tomographic reconstruction of gas distribution from incomplete projection by a two-wavelength absorption scheme

A modified adaptive algebraic reconstruction technique (MAART) with an auto-adjustment relaxation parameter and smoothness regularization is developed to reveal the tomographic reconstruction of H 2 O distribution in combustion from incomplete projections. Determinations of relaxation parameter and regularization factor are discussed with regard to the consideration of improvement in reconstruction and reduction of computational burden. A two-wavelength scheme from tunable diode laser absorption measurement, 7444.36 and 7185.59 cm 1 , is used to simplify the nonlinear solution problem for obtaining the tomographic distributions of concentration and temperature simultaneously. Results of calculations demonstrate that MAART can perform the reconstruction results more efficiently with little complex modification and much lower iterations as compared with the traditional algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) or simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) methods. The stability of the algorithm is studied by reconstruction from projections with random noise at different levels to demonstrate the dependence of reconstruction results on precise line-of-sight measurements.     

多管脉冲爆轰发动机管外复杂波系的研究

为了研究多管脉冲爆轰发动机外流场复杂波系变化特点，用CE/SE方法对7管脉冲爆 轰发动机内、外流场进行了计算. 7个爆轰管的排列方式是1个居中，另外6个绕其形成环 状排列，管内填充按化学当量比混合的氢气氧气混和物. 计算结果表明：CE/SE方法是一种 好的爆轰波模拟方法，能有效地捕捉激波等强间断；7管脉冲爆轰发动机外流场中存在着多 道相互作用相互影响的激波与膨胀波. 计算结果对多管脉冲爆轰发动机外流场复杂波系的特 性研究具有重要参考价值.     

多管脉冲爆轰发动机外三维流场的数值计算

为研究多管脉冲爆轰发动机黏性外流场变化特点，推导了三维黏性CE/SE方法，并对 7管脉冲爆轰发动机的内、外流场进行了数值计算. 7个爆轰管的排列方式是1个居中、 另外6个绕其形成环状排列. 管内流场采用一维模型进行处理; 管外流场采用三维模型 进行计算, 得到多管脉冲爆轰发动机黏性外流场的变化规律. 计算结果表明，此多 管脉冲爆轰发动机黏性外流场中存在旋涡及多道相互作用的激波与膨胀波, 该结果对多管 脉冲爆轰发动机外流场特性研究具有一定的参考价值.     

Investigation of self-adaptive algebraic tomography for gas reconstruction in larger temperature range by multiple wavelengths absorption spectroscopy

We develop a self-adaptive algebraic tomography algorithm （SAATA） to investigate the simultaneons reconstruction of concentration and temperature distributions in larger temperature range from two views. The simplified optical arrangement with fewer projections is realized by extension of spectral information at multiple wavelengths, resulting in great potential in applications of practical combustion diagnosis. Tile results show SAATA can perform much better reconstructions in 300 3000 K temperature range than genetic simulated annealing algorithm and least-square orthogonal-triangular decomposition method with two- wavelength scheme. More phantoms are created to demonstrate the capability of SAATA to capture the peaks and adapt for both flat and sharp temperature distributions. Meanwhile, the advantage of high stability ensures better reconstruction performance at noise levels from 0.1% to 10% in projections.     

基于双光路吸收光谱技术的气液两相爆轰燃气诊断技术研究

对爆轰燃气准确有效地检测可以为探索爆轰形成机理以及提升爆轰发动机工作效率提供数据支撑。提出了基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术结合双光路互相关算法的气液两相爆轰燃气速度、温度和组份浓度同时在线测量方法,针对口径80mm无阀式脉冲爆轰发动机设计并搭建了双光路光学测试系统,通过50kHz高频扫描1 343nm波段H2O吸收谱线完成对爆轰燃气速度、温度及H2O气体浓度的在线诊断。测试结果表明光学测试系统可以实现对瞬态爆轰过程燃气变化特征的细致分析,单个爆轰过程持续时间为85ms,爆轰循环过程中爆轰波速度最高达到1 172m·s-1,爆轰燃气最高温度达到2 412K,爆轰燃气中H2O气体浓度维持在0~7%之间;爆轰过程中出现了短暂的速度平台与温度平台。     

In situ measurement on nonuniform velocity distributionin external detonation exhaust flow by analysis ofspectrum features using TDLAS

Instantaneous and precise velocity sensing is a critical part of research on detonation mechanism and flow evolution.This paper presents a novel multi-projection tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy solution,to provide a real-time and reliable measurement of velocity distribution in detonation exhaust flow with obvious nonuniformity.Relations are established between overlapped spectrums along probing beams and Gauss velocity distribution phantom according to the frequency shifts and tiny variations in components of light-of-sight absorbance profiles at low frequencies analyzed by the fast Fourier transform.With simulated optical measurement using H2O feature at 7185.6 cm-1 carried out on a phantom generated using a simulation of two-phase detonation by a two-fluid model,this method demonstrates a satisfying performance on recovery of velocity distribution profiles in supersonic flow even with a noise equivalent absorbance up to 2×10^-3.This method is applied to the analysis of rapidly decreasing velocity during a complete working cycle in the external flow field of an air-gasoline detonation tube operating at 25 Hz,and results show the velocity in the core flow field would be much larger than the arithmetic average from traditional tunable diode laser doppler velocimetry.This proposed velocity distribution sensor would reconstruct nonuniform velocity distribution of high-speed flow in low cost and simple operations,which broadens the possibility for applications in research on the formation and propagation of external flow filed of detonation tube.     

基于分数阶Tikhonov正则化的激光吸收光谱燃烧场二维重建光路优化研究

为探究基于激光吸收光谱技术的燃烧场二维测量光路布置方式,实现有限投影下更精确的燃烧场二维重建,根据分数阶微积分理论,提出一种基于分数阶Tikhonov正则化的光路优化方法.将经典的整数阶Tikhonov正则化推广到分数阶模式,建立了基于分数阶Tikhonov正则化的光路设计目标函数.利用遗传算法分析(0,1)范围内不同阶数的计算结果,得到最佳光路布置方式.采用近红外波段7185.6 cm^-1的H₂O特征吸收谱线结合20条测试光路对10×10离散化网格区域进行计算,对比分析五种光路布置方式对多种分布模型的重建结果,结果表明,基于分数阶Tikhonov正则化的光路布置方式具有最佳重建效果.研究结果对有限投影条件下激光吸收光谱二维测量光路的优化设计理论研究具有重要意义,可以促进激光吸收光谱技术在复杂发动机燃烧场二维重建及燃烧效率提升方面的应用.     

高压环境下1.58μm波段CO2吸收光谱特性分析

高压气体吸收光谱特性的研究是可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术应用于爆轰发动机等高压燃烧环境的重要基础.为了解气体吸收光谱随压力的变化规律特别是在高压下的吸收光谱特性,本文以CO₂为气体介质对其在高压环境下近红外波段1.58μm处的吸收光谱进行了理论分析与试验研究,并给出一种高压气体浓度的计算方法.在1—10.13×10⁵Pa压力环境下,对1.58μm处CO₂吸收光谱进行了数值模拟,搭建了高压环境气体在线测量试验系统,对CO₂在波段1578.1—1579.7 nm的吸收光谱进行了试验测量.利用线性回归拟合将试验所得光谱吸收率与模拟吸收率进行对比,对高压环境下气体浓度进行了计算.结果表明,试验所得吸收光谱与数值模拟结果相吻合,1—10.13×10⁵Pa压力环境下利用线性拟合寻优法计算气体浓度最大误差为5.5%,平均误差2.6%.     

非标定波长调制吸收光谱气体测量研究

为消除可调谐激光调制吸收光谱气体测量技术对于标定过程的依赖,研究了二次谐波信号的非标定波长调制气体测量方法.通过对测量的二次谐波线型进行分析,给出相同工况下二次谐波模拟信号,并利用测量与模拟二次谐波信号进行线性拟合直接计算气体浓度.实验室内采用非标定波长调制气体测量方法,利用 6336.24 cm^-1处特征吸收谱线对10 cm长气体吸收池内的CO₂进行了测量.结果表明,非标定波长调制气体测量方法可适应各种不同条件,适合于现场气体在线测量.当调制系数在1.8—3. 关键词： 波长调制 二次谐波 吸收光谱 半导体激光器