调强放射治疗子野权重优化方法研究

由于子野分割带来的误差, 使得调强放疗(Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, 简称IMRT)计划系统所制作的计划往往不能满足临床要求。 本研究将采用基于共轭梯度法的子野权重优化方法来减小此误差, 提高制作计划的效率和效果。 采用共轭梯度法优化子野权重和微调子野形状, 最终使得子野分割前后强度误差最小。 在精确放疗系统中对常见的临床病例（鼻咽癌和周围性肺癌）进行测试, 通过对比靶区和危及器官的剂量体积直方图以及CT片上的等剂量线, 发现子野权重优化后靶区的平均剂量分别从87.0%提高到100.2%和从90.0%提高到98.4%, 更好地满足临床要求。     

Development of Accurate/Advanced Radiotherapy Treatment Planning and Quality Assurance System (ARTS)

A prototype of accurate/advanced radiotherapy treatment planning and quality assurance system (ARTS) is developed and key technical issues related to the improvement of the treatment accuracy is studied. After a brief introduction to the prototype of ARTS, the advanced development in key technical issues is presented, including image data processing and human body modeling, fast and accurate hybrid dose calculation, multi-objective optimization of inverse planning, intelligent patient positioning, and dose verification.     

基于共轭梯度法的调强放疗射束强度分布优化

针对逆向调强放疗中强度分布优化涉及的参数多,且临床上对其优化速度要求高的特点,将医生期望的靶区剂量和周围正常组织剂量限制转化为二次函数形式的目标函数,然后利用共轭梯度法对该目标函数进行优化。最后采用一例C形靶区紧密包围危及器官的模拟病例和一例临床常用的前列腺实例,在PC机(CPU E7200@2.53GHz,2.00GB内存,Windows XP)上对强度分布优化效果进行测试,对模拟病例10s便找到最优解;而对前列腺病例20s便可以找到最优解;且两个测试病例优化所得强度分布对应的剂量分布均满足要求。测试结果表明,采用共轭梯度法优化强度分布具有快速和效果好的优点,因此可以将其应用在精确放疗系统中。     

精确放射治疗中改进的楔形挡板剂量修正算法

在精确放射治疗中,精确计算楔形挡板的楔形因子是精确修正加入楔形挡板后剂量值的关键。提出了基于衰减系数法思想的改进楔形野剂量修正算法,首先计算了楔形挡板材料的线性衰减系数,再根据楔形挡板的实际剖面尺寸,建立了线性拟合公式计算射线束穿过楔形挡板的实际厚度,精确计算楔形因子,并以AAPM55号报告提供的45°楔形挡板进行了验证。该方法在保证计算精度的同时减少了大量离轴测量数据,减轻了物理师的负担,可以作为一种有效的楔形挡板修正算法应用于放射治疗计划系统中。     

Specific absorbed fractions of electrons and photons forRad-HUMAN phantom using Monte Carlo method

The specific absorbed fractions (SAF) for self- and cross-irradiation are effective tools for the internal dose estimation of inhalation and ingestion intakes of radionuclides. A set of SAFs of photons and electrons were calculated using the Rad-HUMAN phantom, which is a computational voxel phantom of a Chinese adult female that was created using the color photographic image of the Chinese Visible Human (CVH) data set by the FDS Team. The model can represent most Chinese adult female anatomical characteristics and can be taken as an individual phantom to investigate the difference of internal dose with Caucasians. In this study, the emission of mono-energetic photons and electrons of 10 keV to 4 MeV energy were calculated using the Monte Carlo particle transport calculation code MCNP. Results were compared with the values from ICRP reference and ORNL models. The results showed that SAF from the Rad-HUMAN have similar trends but are larger than those from the other two models. The differences were due to the racial and anatomical differences in organ mass and inter-organ distance. The SAFs based on the Rad-HUMAN phantom provide an accurate and reliable data for internal radiation dose calculations for Chinese females.     

基于VENUS-Ⅱ基准模型的SuperMC程序验证

为了验证SuperMC软件系统对装载MOX燃料压水堆的临界计算能力，采用国际经合组织核能署(OECD/NEA)2001年发布的三维VENUS-Ⅱ国际基准模型对SuperMC3.1版本进行了测试验证。本次测试包括栅元和堆芯两个部分，分别计算了栅元无限增殖因数、重核反应率、堆芯有效增殖因数、堆芯轴向裂变反应率等关键物理参数。将SuperMC计算结果与基准模型实验测量值以及MCNP计算值作了对比。结果显示:在测试范围内，SuperMC计算值与参考值吻合得较好，表明SuperMC可应用于含MOX燃料堆芯的临界计算。     

Multi-objective optimization of inverse planning for accurate radiotherapy

The multi-objective optimization of inverse planning based on the Pareto solution set, according to the multi-objective character of inverse planning in accurate radiotherapy, was studied in this paper. Firstly, the clinical requirements of a treatment plan were transformed into a multi-objective optimization problem with multiple constraints. Then, the fast and elitist multi-objective Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ) was introduced to optimize the problem. A clinical example was tested using this method. The results show that an obtained set of non-dominated solutions were uniformly distributed and the corresponding dose distribution of each solution not only approached the expected dose distribution, but also met the dose-volume constraints. It was indicated that the clinical requirements were better satisfied using the method and the planner could select the optimal treatment plan from the non-dominated solution set.