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基于同时的相对性对钟慢尺缩效应的再认识   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
同时的相对性、钟慢效应和尺缩效应是狭义相对论时空观的主要内容.鉴于同时性是时空测量的基础,本文从同时的相对性出发详述了对钟慢效应和尺缩效应的再认识:钟慢效应是运动时钟走时率变慢和校表问题的综合表现,其实质是同时的相对性在时间量度上的直接反映;尺缩效应的实质是同时的相对性在空间量度上的反映,也是不同观测者对同一客观事实的不同时空描述.  相似文献   
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近年来,热释电测试技术已被广泛地用来测试低温下的非常规铁电体,特别是第二类多铁材料的铁电极化,但是大都是科研人员用来进行专业研究。目前大学生素质教育开展地如火如荼,该项技术可以让参加科研训练计划的学生做一些简单的课题研究,训练并培养学生一些基本的科研思维,科研习惯和科研技能。本文介绍了热释电技术测量铁电极化的基本原理,实验仪器,实验方法,并举例说明了一些实验技巧和注意事项。  相似文献   
3.
The ferroelectric transitions of several SrTiO3-based ferroelectrics are investigated experimentally and theoretically, with special attention to the critical scaling exponents associated with the phase transitions, in order to understand the competition among quantum fluctuations (QFs), quenched disorder, and ferroelectric ordering. Two representative systems with sufficiently strong QFs and quenched disorders in competition with the ferroelectric ordering are investigated. We start from non-stoichiometric SrTiO3(STO) with the Sr/Ti ratio deviating slightly from one, which is believed to maintain strong QFs. Then, we address Ba/Ca co-doped Sr1-x(Ca0.6389Ba0.3611)xTiO3(SCBT) with the averaged Sr-site ionic radius identical to the Sr2+ ionic radius, which is believed to offer remarkable quenched disorder associated with the Sr-site ionic mismatch. The critical exponents associated with polarization P and dielectric susceptibility ε, respectively, as functions of temperature T close to the critical point Tc, are evaluated. It is revealed that both non-stoichiometric SrTiO3 and SCBT exhibit much bigger critical exponents than the Landau mean-field theory predictions. These critical exponents then decrease gradually with increasing doping level or deviation of Sr/Ti ratio from one. A transverse Ising model applicable to the Sr-site doped STO (e.g., Sr1-xCaxTiO3) at low level is used to explain the observed experimental data. It is suggested that the serious deviation of these critical exponents from the Landau theory predictions in these STO-based systems is ascribed to the significant QFs and quenched disorder by partially suppressing the long-range spatial correlation of electric dipoles around the transitions. The present work thus sheds light on our understanding of the critical behaviors of ferroelectric transitions in STO in the presence of quantum fluctuations and quenched disorder, whose effects have been demonstrated to be remarkable.  相似文献   
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用X射线衍射研究了沉积于亲水玻璃基底上的硬脂酸镉和山嵛酸镉多层混合LB膜的微区结构和相分离情况.纯的脂肪酸镉衍射峰没有在混合LB膜的XRD谱图中出现,说明混合膜中形成的微区很小而且均匀分布.混合膜样品的面间距随硬脂酸镉和山嵛酸镉混合比例的变化形成一条台阶状的曲线,这表明在它们比例变化的过程中,只形成了三种有序的结构,而且每一种结构,特别是长短链交错的微结构,可以在一定的比例范围内保持;另外,在长短链交错的微结构中,两种脂肪酸长链具有相同的偏离膜平面法线方向的小倾角,这也可由它们傅立叶红外透射谱中表征脂肪酸长链分子取向的亚甲基CH2相同的峰位2847.80和2914.37 cm-1(对应于CH2对称和反对称伸缩振动)得到说明.当混合比例超出1/5?1/1,混合膜将会经历一个纵向有序度降低的过程,表现为混合膜相对X射线衍射强度随混合比例以\W"形变化.  相似文献   
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