实践十号卫星项目——热毛细对流振荡特征的地面研究

上部开口环形液池在水平径向温度梯度作用下会出现内部温度和自由面的振荡,本文研究了二者发生的临界条件.环形液池内柱加热外壁制冷,以0.5℃/min的速率线性升温得到水平径向温差,T型热电偶测量液层内部单点温度,高精度激光位移传感器测量液层自由面某点形变.随两端温差增加,当超过某一临界温度△T_(cr)时,开始出现振荡.实验结果表明,对同一种硅油,两种振荡的临界条件随液层厚度具有相同的变化趋势.对不同普朗特(Prandtl)数(Pr)的硅油,振荡临界条件临界马兰哥尼数(Ma_(cr))随着邦德数(Bo)的增加而变大.本文工作是中国科学院科学先导专项SJ-10返回式科学实验卫星项目-热毛细对流表面波空间实验研究的地面研究结果,该工作为空间实验提供前期的基础科学研究数据和实验保障.     

两层液体Bénard-Marangoni对流的实验研究

采用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对两层流体B(en)ard-Marangoni对流进行了实验研究.研究了各种不同厚度比下的临界对流模式,同时研究了在温差变大时向超临界对流模式转化过程.实验结果表明,界面张力对各种对流模式的形成和转变具有重要的作用.     

Observation of Diffusion Process of a Water Droplet Immersed in Protein Solution in Microgravity

Pure liquid-liquid diffusion driven by concentration gradients is hard to study in a normal gravity environment since convection and sedimentation also contribute to the mass transfer process. We employ a Math Zehnder interferometer to monitor the mass transfer process of a water droplet in EAFP protein solution under micro- gravity condition provided by the Satellite Shi Jian No 8, A series of the evolution charts of mass distribution during the diffusion process of the liquid droplet are presented and the relevant diffusion coefficient is determined.     

微重力环境下无限长柱体内角毛细流动解析近似解研究

应用同伦分析法研究无限长柱体内角毛细流动解析近似解问题,给出了级数解的递推公式.不同于其他解析近似方法,该方法从根本上克服了摄动理论对小参数的过分依赖,其有效性与所研究的非线性问题是否含有小参数无关,适用范围广.同伦分析法提供了选取基函数的自由,可以选取较好的基函数,更有效地逼近问题的解,通过引入辅助参数和辅助函数来调节和控制级数解的收敛区域和收敛速度,同伦分析法为内角毛细流动问题的解析近似求解开辟了一个全新的途径.通过具体算例,将同伦分析法与四阶龙格库塔方法数值解做了比较,结果表明,该方法具有很高的计算精度.     

Experimental Investigation of Influence of Interfacial Tension on Convection of Two-Layer Immiscible Liquid

Bdnard-Marangoni convections of two-layer fluids heated from the bottom are investigated experimentally with a particle imagine velocimetry. The flows are visualized from the side, and various velocity fields near the onset of convection, such as three-layer vortex convective patterns, are observed when the depth ratio varies in a wide range. A new classification of the convective patterns is proposed with more detail than in previous studies. The analysis of the results indicates that the interface tension greatly influences the motion intensities of the bottom and top layers. The dimensionless wave number increases with the Bond number when the motion in the top layer is not more intense than that in the bottom layer, which agrees with the theoretical prediction.     

OPTICAL DIAGNOSTIC AND MODELING SOLUTION GROWTH PROCESS OF SODIUM CHLORATE CRYSTALS

Both a real time optical interferometric experiment and a numerical simulation of two-dimension non-steady state model were employed to study the growth process of aqueous sodium chlorate crystals. The parameters such as solution concentration distribution, crystal dimensions, growth rate and velocity field were obtained by both experiment and numerical simulation. The influence of earth gravity during crystal growth process was analyzed. A reasonable theory model corresponding to the present experiment is advanced. The thickness of concentration boundary layer was investigated especially. The results from the experiment and numerical simulation match well.     

Experimental Study on Liquid Free Surface in Buoyant-Thermocapillary Convection

We investigate the surface deformations of buoyant-thermocapillary convection in a rectangular cavity due to gravity and temperature gradient between the two sidewalls. The cavity is 52mm×42 mm in horizontal cross section, the thickness of liquid layer h is changed from 2.5 mm to 6.5 mm. Surface deformations of h = 3.5 mm and 6.0mm are discussed and compared. Temperature difference is increased gradually, and the flow in the liquid layer will change from stable convection to unstable convection. Two kinds of optical diagnostic system with image processor are developed for study of the kinetics of buoyant-thermocapillary convection, they give out the information of liquid free surface. The quantitative results are calculated by Fourier transform and correlation analysis, respectively. With the increasing temperature gradient, surface deformations calculated are more declining. It is interesting phenomenon that the inclining directions of the convections in thin and thick liquid layers are different. For a thin layer, the convection is mainly controlled by thermocapillary effect. However, for a thick layer, the convection is mainly controlled by buoyancy effect. The surface deformation theoretically analysed is consistent with our experimental results. The present experiment proves that surface deformation is related to temperature gradient and thickness of the liquid layer. In other words, surface deformation lies on capillary convection and buoyancy convection.     

激光驱动液滴迁移的机理研究

液滴热毛细迁移是微重力流体科学中的典型科学问题, 微重力液滴动力学研究不仅具有流体力学的理论意义, 而且具有重要的实际应用价值. 建立了二维轴对称激光驱动液滴迁移模型, 通过仿真计算研究微重力环境下激光驱动液滴迁移的过程, 研究了液滴直径、母液参数等对液滴迁移速度及行为的影响. 首先研究了母液和液滴对激光系数均较小, 液滴初始位置不同时液滴的迁移行为; 然后研究了母液对激光吸收系数较小, 液滴对激光吸收系数较大时, 不同液滴直径与母液宽度比条件下液滴的迁移行为. 仿真结果表明: 当母液和液滴对激光的吸收系数都很小时, 液滴迁移的方向主要受到液滴初始位置的影响; 当母液对激光的吸收系数较小, 液滴对激光的吸收系数较大时, 液滴会朝激光方向迁移, 液滴初始位置对迁移方向影响较小, 但液滴直径与母液宽度之比会影响液滴迁移行为. 将模拟结果与YGB理论对比, 仿真结果与理论结果趋势一致. 研究激光驱动液滴迁移的物理机制, 探索界面张力作用机理, 得到激光驱动液滴迁移的规律, 探索对液滴的驱动控制方法.      

界面张力梯度驱动对流向湍流转捩的研究

作为空间自然对流热质输运的基本形式, 界面张力梯度驱动对流是流动和传热强耦合的复杂非线性过程, 也是一个多控制参数耦合作用的过程, 表现出丰富的流动时空特征. 界面张力梯度驱动对流是微重力流体物理的重要研究内容和学科前沿, 同时在空间燃料输运过程和空间能源或热管利用等空间流体管理问题中均有重要应用. 本文综述了界面张力梯度驱动对流向湍流转捩研究的背景意义、地面实验、空间实验及数值模拟的研究现状, 重点介绍了从非线性动力学角度来研究转捩规律的具体方法, 目前最常见的手段是对观测量的时间序列进行分析, 通过频谱分析及相空间重构等方法计算时间序列的特征量, 从而判断流动模式, 这类方法理论成熟, 计算简单, 但需要对大量数据进行繁琐的处理; 另一种方法是通过数值计算分岔来研究对流在时空中的转捩模式, 这类方法可以直接计算出分岔点, 但是复杂之处在于需要求解大规模的线性或非线性方程组, 本文详细阐述了两种方法的理论背景, 应用状况及局限性, 探讨了将两种方法相互结合, 在研究中互为补充的可能, 并对今后的研究方向提出了建议.      

矩形液池热毛细对流转捩途径研究

主要研究矩形液池热毛细对流的分岔转捩. 通过测量流体内部温度振荡情况, 详细研究了热毛细对流的转捩过程和转捩途径. 实验发现, 矩形液池热毛细对流的转捩过程依次经历了定常、规则振荡、不规则振荡的阶段. 对于不同普朗特数的硅油在不同长高比情况下, 通向混沌的途径不同. 在转捩过程中, 随着温差的增加, 普朗特数在16 (1cSt) 以下和普朗特数为25 (1.5cSt)、长高比为26 的硅油热毛细对流主要以准周期分岔的转捩方式为主;而普朗特数为25 以上的则以倍周期分岔的转捩方式为主;两种分岔有时还会伴随有切分岔形式的出现.实验中还观察到了表面波动和对流涡胞振荡等现象.