Evolution of defects and deformation mechanisms in different tensile directions of solidified lamellar Ti-Al alloy

Two-phase γ-TiAl/α₂-Ti₃Al lamellar intermetallics have attracted considerable attention because of their excellent strength and plasticity. However, the exact deformation mechanisms remain to be investigated. In this paper, a solidified lamellar Ti-Al alloy with lamellar orientation at 0°, 17°, and 73° with respect to the loading direction was stretched by utilizing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that the mechanical properties of the sample are considerably influenced by solidified defects and tensile directions. The structure deformation and fracture were primarily attributed to an intrinsic stacking fault (ISF) accompanied by the nucleated Shockley dislocation, and the adjacent extrinsic stacking fault (ESF) and ISF formed by solidification tend to form large HCP structures during the tensile process loading at 73°. Moreover, cleavage cracking easily occurs on the γ/α₂ interface under tensile deformation. The fracture loading mechanism at 17° is grain boundary slide whereas, at 73° and 0°, the dislocation piles up to form a dislocation junction.     

熔体初始温度对液态金属Ni凝固过程中微观结构演变影响的模拟研究

采用量子 Sutton-Chen多体势, 对熔体初始温度热历史条件对液态金属Ni快速凝固过程中微观结构演变的影响进行了分子动力学模拟研究. 采用双体分布函数g(r)曲线、键型指数法、原子团类型指数法和三维可视化等分析方法对凝固过程中微观结构的演变进行了分析. 结果表明: 熔体初始温度对凝固微结构有显著影响, 但在液态和过冷态时的影响并不明显, 只有在结晶转变温度T_c附近才开始充分显现出来. 体系在1×10¹² K/s的冷速下, 最终均形成以1421和1422键型或面心立方(12 0 0 0 12 0)与六角密集(12 0 0 0 6 6) 基本原子团为主的晶态结构. 末态时, 不同初始温度体系中的主要键型和团簇的数目有很大的变化范围, 且与熔体初始温度的高低呈非线性变化关系. 然而, 体系能量随初始温度呈线性变化关系, 初始温度越高, 末态能量越低, 其晶化程度越高. 通过三维可视化分析进一步发现, 在初始温度较高的体系中, 同类团簇结构的原子出现明显的分层聚集现象, 随着初始温度的下降, 这种分层现象将被弥散开去. 可视化分析将更有助于对凝固过程中微观结构演变进行更为深入的研究. 关键词： 液态金属Ni 熔体初始温度 微观结构 分子动力学模拟     

液态Mg7Zn3合金快速凝固过程中微观结构演变机理的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法对液态Mg₇Zn₃合金的快速凝固过程进行了模拟研究,并采用双体分布函数、Honeycutt-Andersen键型指数法、原子团类型指数法(CTIM)以及遗传跟踪等方法对凝固过程中团簇结构的形成、演变特性进行了分析.结果表明:在以冷速为1×10¹² K ·s^-1的凝固过程中, Zn-Zn原子之间的相互成键的概率明显增加,形成以1551,1541,1431键型为主的非晶态结构.其特征键型1551随温度变化 关键词： 液态MgZn合金 快速凝固过程 微观结构演变 分子动力学模拟     

冷速对液态合金Ca50Zn50快速凝固过程中微观结构演变的影响

采用分子动力学方法对六种不同冷速对原子尺寸相差较大的液态合金Ca50Znso凝固过程中微观结构演变的影响进行了模拟研究,并采用双体分布函数、Honeycutt—Andersen（HA）键型指数法、原子团类型指数法（CTIM一2）、可视化等方法进行了深入分析,结果表明：系统存在一个临界冷速,介于和5×10^11K／s与1×10^11K／s之间,在临界冷速以上（如1×10^11K／s,1×10^11K／s,1×10^11K／s和5×10^11K／s）时,系统形成以1551,1541,1431键型或二十面体基本原子团（12012000）等为主体的非晶态结构;在临界冷速以下时,系统形成以1441和1661键型或bcc基本原子团（1460800）为主体（含有少量的hcp（1200066）和fcc（12000120）基本原子团）的部分晶态结构．在非晶形成的冷速范围内,其总双体分布函数的第一峰明显分裂成与近邻分别为Zn—Zn,Ca—Zn,Ca—Ca相对应的三个次峰;且随着冷速的下降,同类原子近邻的次峰峰值升高、异类原子近邻的次峰峰值下降;Zn原子容易偏聚,随着冷速降低,二十面体的数量增多,非晶态结构也越稳定．在晶态形成的冷速范围内,Zn原子己大量偏聚形成大块bcc晶态结构,Ca原子也部分形成hcp和fcc晶态结构．     

Cr、Sn、Co掺杂对层状二维材料MoSi2N4的电子和光学性能的影响

基于新合成的二维材料MoSi₂N₄（MSN）,我们建立了一系列MSN的掺杂模型进行了第一原理计算。首先,我们计算了本征MSN的电子特性,包括其能带结构和态密度。然后我们研究了Cr、Sn和Co掺杂对MSN的电子和光学性质的影响。结果表明,在3种掺杂体系中,Co掺杂体系表现出最低的形成能,这表明Co掺杂体系是最稳定的。通过带隙计算表明,尽管3种掺杂模型都降低了MSN的固有带隙,但却表现出3种不同的电子特性。态密度图也显示,Cr和Co掺杂体系都在导带底（CBM）和价带顶（VBM）附近产生局部尖峰。此外,光学性质的计算中表明,掺杂后体系的光学性质也得到了改善。     

GaAs晶体在不同应变下生长过程的分子动力学模拟

GaAs晶体的高质量生长对于制造高性能高频微波电子器件和发光器件具有重要意义.本文通过分子动力学方法对GaAs晶体沿[110]晶向的诱导结晶进行模拟,并采用最大标准团簇分析、双体分布函数和可视化等方法研究应变对生长过程和缺陷形成的影响.结果表明,不同应变条件下GaAs晶体的结晶过程发生显著变化.在初始阶段,施加一定拉应变和较大的压应变后,体系的晶体生长速率发生降低,且应变越大,结晶速率越低.此外,随着晶体的生长,体系形成以{111}小平面为边界的锯齿形界面,生长平面与{111}小平面之间的夹角影响固液界面的形态,进而影响孪晶的形成.施加拉应变越大,此夹角越小,形成孪晶缺陷越多,结构越不规则.同时,体系中极大部分的位错与孪晶存在伴生关系,应变的施加可以抑制或促进位错的形核,合适的应变甚至可以使晶体无位错生长.本文从原子尺度上研究GaAs的微观结构演化,可为晶体生长理论提供理论指导.     

1,3,3,5,2′-五甲基螺吲哚啉萘并噁嗪的合成及时间分辨光谱

合成了标题化合物(Ⅰ),并用纳秒时间分辨吸收光谱技术研究了它的光致变色过程。Ⅰ的溶液用248nm激光脉冲激发后产生两种不同的有色体。其中短寿命的有色体(CT中间体)有两个吸收峰,在乙腈和环已烷中其峰值分别为440nm,640nm和450nm,640nm,寿命分别为12/μs和0.8μs。CT中间体的吸收峰的位置基本不受溶剂极性影响的事实说明其结构可能介于两性离子和醌式结构之间。在乙腈中,CT中间体有较长的寿命,这是5位甲基给电子效应的结果。长寿命的有色体(寿命》80μs)为平面结构的部花青(PMC),其吸收峰在乙腈和环已烷中分别出现于约640nm和600nm。     

Photochromic fulgides and spirooxazines: mechanism and substituent effect on photoreactions

Molecular design, synthesis and photochromic properties of spirooxazines and fulgides are described. In the case of fulgides, the change of the substituents may lead to different photochromic properties and different photoreactions of the kind of compounds. In photochromic process of pyrryl-substituted fulgides, the excited singlet state is the mam species, but the excited triplet state is also involved. However, no excited triplet state has been observed in cyclization of aryl-substituted fulgides. In the case of spirooxazines, the substituents at 2'-position have great effect on the formation of photoproduct and on the mechanism of photoreaction. The increase of steric hindrance of the 2'-position substituent gives rise to the decrease of the quantum yield for the formation of photochromic merocyanine (PMC) and the increase of the relative quantum yield for the charge separated twist intermediate (CT).     

Modulation of Schottky barrier in XSi2N4/graphene (X=Mo and W) heterojunctions by biaxial strain

Reducing the Schottky barrier height (SBH) and even achieving the transition from Schottky contacts to Ohmic contacts are key challenges of achieving high energy efficiency and high-performance power devices. In this paper, the modulation effects of biaxial strain on the electronic properties and Schottky barrier of MoSi₂N₄ (MSN)/graphene and WSi₂N₄ (WSN)/graphene heterojunctions are examined by using first principles calculations. After the construction of heterojunctions, the electronic structures of MSN, WSN, and graphene are well preserved. Herein, we show that by applying suitable external strain to a heterojunction stacked by MSN or WSN — an emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor family with excellent mechanical properties — and graphene, the heterojunction can be transformed from Schottky p-type contacts into n-type contacts, even highly efficient Ohmic contacts, making it of critical importance to unleash the tremendous potentials of graphene-based van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions. Not only are these findings invaluable for designing high-performance graphene-based electronic devices, but also they provide an effective route to realizing dynamic switching either between n-type and p-type Schottky contacts, or between Schottky contacts and Ohmic contacts.     

压强对液态InGaAs快速凝固过程中微观结构变化的影响

采用分子动力学方法模拟不同压强下液态InGaAs的快速凝固过程,并采用径向分布函数、键角分布函数、配位数统计以及可视化等方法,从微观结构的不同层面分析了压强对凝固过程微观结构的影响机制.结果表明:对于InGaAs体系,压强对最近邻和次近邻的原子排布都有影响,但对次近邻原子排列的影响更为明显,通过次近邻原子键角的调整,使得原子排列更加紧密,体系的短程有序度增强.在原子的配位数结构上,随着压强的增加,部分三配位向四配位发生转变,从而使整个体系达到致密的结构.