Observation of Nano-Dots on HOPG Surface Induced by Highly Charged Arq+ Impact

Highly charged ions （HCIs） have huge potential energy due to their high charge state. When a HCI reaches a solid surface, its potential energy is released immediately on the surface to cause a nano-scale defect. Thus, HCIs are expected to be useful for solid-surface modifications on the nano-scale. We investigate the defects on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite （HOPG） surface induced by slow highly charged Ar^q＋ ions with impact energy of 20-2000qeV with scanning probe microscopy （SPM）. In order to clarify the role of kinetic and potential energies in surface modification, the nano-defects are characterized in lateral size and height corresponding to the kinetic energy and charge state of the HCIs. Both the potential energy and kinetic energy of the ions may influence the size of nano-defect. Since potential energy increases dramatically with increasing charge state, the potential energy effect is expected to be much larger than the kinetic energy effect in the case of extremely high charge states. This implies that pure surface modification on the nano-scale could be carried out by slow highly charged ions. The mean size of nano-defect region could also be controlled by selecting the charge state and kinetic energy of HCI.     

高电荷态离子与Si(110)晶面碰撞的沟道效应研究

不同电荷态低速离子(Ar^q+，Pb^q+)轰击Si(110)晶面，测量不同入射角情况下的次级粒子的产额. 通过比较溅射产额与入射角的关系，证实沟道效应的存在. 高电荷态离子与Si相互作用产生的沟道效应说明溅射产额主要是由动能碰撞引起的. 在小角入射条件下，高电荷态离子能够增大溅射产额. 当高电荷态离子以40°—50°入射时，存在势能越高溅射产额越大的势能效应. 关键词： 高电荷态离子 溅射 沟道效应     

纤维素基聚合物液晶溶液的发展、现状及展望

使用液晶溶液纺丝可以制得高强度、高模量的纤维.经大量研究发现,作为环保可再生的资源,纤维素及其衍生物在一定浓度和一部分合适的溶剂体系中能够形成各向异性溶液.但目前,纤维素基聚合物的液晶溶液纺丝并没有成功实现工业化.文章综述了纤维素基聚合物的液晶理论,其液晶溶液的发展过程与现状及独特的流变行为,并展望在少数能直接溶解纤维素并形成液晶溶液的溶剂体系中,磷酸是一种合适的溶剂体系,有很大的发展和应用空间.     

Charging and absorption characteristics of small particulates under alternative and electrostatic voltages in an electrostatic precipitator

The charge quantity of small particulates such as PM2.5 plays a key role in the collection efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator（ESP）. Under a single electrostatic voltage, it is difficult to charge and absorb small particulates. A new method of superimposing an alternative voltage on the electrostatic voltage is provided in this paper. Characteristics of small particulates are analyzed under alternative and electrostatic voltages. It is demonstrated that an alternative voltage can significantly improve the collection efficiency in three aspects： preventing anti-corona, increasing the charge quantity of small particulates, and increasing the median particulate size by electric agglomeration. In addition, practical usage with the superposition of alternative voltage is provided, and the results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

Performance of a 3 mm×3 mm silicon photomultiplier for use on the X-ray calibration system of the SVOM gamma ray monitor

The calibration detector of a gamma ray monitor (GRM) is designed to detect alpha particles from ²⁴¹Am and to send out the coincidence signal to the GRM X-ray detector. The silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), as a novel photon device, is a good candidate to convert alpha-exciting fluorescent photons into electric signals. Three types of SiPMs from SSPM and MPPC, each having an active area of 3 mm×3 mm, were compared in the matter of the spectra from low-intensity light, dark count, crosstalk probability and I-V curve. The temperature coe cient of SSPM-0710G9MM was also characterized. The application of a SiPM on the GRM has been proved to be feasible.     

蓖麻碱的提取纯化及结构分析

1 引言 蓖麻碱是蓖麻制油后得到的蓖麻饼粕中的重要成分,存在于蓖麻的茎叶和种子中,在幼芽特别是子叶中含量较高,在未脱毒的蓖麻饼粕中含量高达0.2%～0.4%.蓖麻碱纯品为白色针状或棱柱状结晶性生物碱,熔点201～205℃,在170～180 ℃、2.667 kPa时升华.蓖麻碱易溶于热水和热的氯仿,在热乙醇中有一定的溶解度, 是一种中性生物碱,具有天然活性,水溶液中呈中性,遇酸不易形成盐.     

氮掺杂石墨炭包覆的钴纳米催化剂作高效、高稳定性电催化制氢

电催化制氢是解决当前能源危机的重要手段之一。 研究高效稳定的非贵金属电催化剂是电催化制氢商业应用的重点。 本文通过直接高温热解双金属沸石咪唑骨架,制备了一种氮掺杂石墨炭(NC)包覆均匀分布的钴纳米颗粒电催化剂(V-Co@NC,这里V是vacancy缩写),前躯体中的Zn元素有效地防止钴纳米颗粒的聚集,并有助于生成均匀分布的钴纳米颗粒。 这种特殊的纳米结构可防止钴与电解液的直接接触,提升了其循环稳定性,同时,氮元素的掺杂提升了导电性,有利于电催化制氢性能的提升。 结果表明,所制备的V-Co@NC催化剂在酸性和碱性电解液中均具有良好的催化性能,且经过5000次循环测试后催化活性基本保持不变,具有良好的应用前景。为高活性和高选择性的电催化制氢催化剂的发展提供一种全新的途径。