超声增强脂质体与细胞相互作用的研究

理论及实验研究了超声增强脂质体与细胞的相互作用.实验制作了包裹荧光素的脂质体,利用1 MHz聚焦超声增强脂质体与乳癌细胞的相互作用,采用荧光显微镜观察与荧光素结合前后细胞的变化,流式细胞仪定量检测细胞中包含的荧光素.结果表明,在声压幅度为0.24 MPa超声作用40 s后,细胞吸收荧光素能力比对照组（无超声作用）有8.78％的提高.理论讨论了超声增强脂质体与细胞相互作用的可能物理机制,指出超声诱发的脂质体运动及脂质体的粒径变化是超声增强脂质体与细胞相互作用的原因. 关键词： 脂质体 药物传递 超声辐射力     

Correlation between microbubble-induced acoustic cavitation and hemolysis in vitro

Microbubbles promise to enhance the efficiency of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery and gene therapy by taking advantage of artificial cavitation nuclei.The purpose of this study is to examine the ultrasound-induced hemolysis in the application of drug delivery in the presence of microbubbles.To achieve this goal,human red blood cells mixed with microbubbles were exposed to 1-MHz pulsed ultrasound.The hemolysis level was measured by a flow cytometry,and the cavitation dose was detected by a passive cavitation detecting system.The results demonstrate that larger cavitation dose would be generated with the increase of acoustic pressure,which might give rise to the enhancement of hemolysis.Besides the experimental observations,the acoustic pressure dependence of the radial oscillation of microbubble was theoretically estimated.The comparison between the experimental and calculation results indicates that the hemolysis should be highly correlated to the acoustic cavitation.     

超声造影剂微气泡的包膜黏弹特性的定量表征研究

包膜黏弹特性显著影响微气泡超声造影剂的诊断及治疗应用效果. 本文结合原子力显微镜技术及声衰减特性测量提出了一种对微气泡造影剂包膜黏弹特性定量表征的新方法. 首先采用原子力显微镜技术进行机械特性分析得到包膜微气泡的有效硬度及体弹性模量; 然后测量声衰减特性, 基于微气泡动力学理论, 计算包膜微气泡的体黏度系数. 为验证方法的有效性, 实验制备了直径为1-5 μm的白蛋白包膜微气泡造影剂, 原子力显微镜测量的有效硬度和体弹性模量分别为0.149±0.012 N/m和8.31±0.667 MPa, 并与粒径无关. 声衰减特性测量和动力学理论拟合的包膜微气泡的体黏度系数为0.374±0.003 Pa·s. 该方法可推广至其他种类包膜微气泡的黏弹特性表征, 对超声造影剂的制备及其诊断和治疗应用有积极意义.