氚分析的β衰变诱发X射线谱技术研究进展(英文)

介绍了氚分析的β衰变诱发X射线谱(BIXS)方法的发展历程和研究现状。叙述了刻度曲线法、解析方法和蒙特卡罗模拟结合Tikhonov正则法等三种不同解谱技术的BIXS方法的特点,重点介绍了课题组近年来开展的研究工作和取得的进展,包括蒙特卡罗模拟和Tikhonov正则法的引入,氚β衰变内韧致辐射、样品表面粗糙度、氚含量以及实验装置几何参数误差对分析结果影响的研究和应用等,同时也提出了BIXS方法需进一步开展的研究工作。     

高温铝等离子体X光发射谱实验

 在神光-Ⅱ高功率激光装置上，以束匀滑的第九路钕玻璃二倍频激光均匀辐照薄层铝埋点靶，通过激光烧蚀作用产生较均匀的铝高温等离子体，用平面晶体谱仪在靶面前向和切向同时测量了X光发射谱信号，并将前向发射谱进行了定量化还原处理。利用辐射流体力学程序MULTI-1D首先对等离子体状态进行了模拟计算，然后采用基于碰撞辐射模型的光谱程序对该状态下的光谱开展了计算，并将实验测量光谱与理论计算光谱进行了比较和分析，符合得较好。     

Measurement of Titanium and Manganese K -shell Ionization Cross Sections by Electron Impact

报道了电子引起的钛、锰原子的Ｋ壳层电离截面实验值。实验中,采用了薄靶厚衬底技术,并将衬底中反射的电子对测量值的影响进行了修正。实验结果与其他文献报道的测量结果相吻合。最后,还将实验结果与Ｃａｓｎａｔｉ等人的经验公式进行了比较。     

谷物种子中蛋白质含量测定的核反应分析法

分析了在高蛋白质谷物育种中对筛选方法的要求, 对谷物中蛋白质测定的方法进行了综述评价, 重点介绍了用于谷物蛋白质测定的核反应分析法的原理及特点. The requirements of the screening method for high protein content in grain breeding are analysed. Methods for the determination of protein content in grain seed are reviewed.The principle and the advantages of the nuclear reaction method for the measurement of protein content in grain seed are discussed in detail.     

Studies of the aperture design and its pointing precision in fast neutron penumbral imaging

Neutron penumbral imaging technique is an important diagnosis method in Inertial Confined Fusion, and the design of the aperture shape will affect the resolution of the imaging system. In this paper, several designs of the aperture shape are discussed. Moreover, the pointing precision is also discussed, and a rational pointing precision is given.     

氦对铜钨纳米多层膜界面稳定性的影响

采用射频磁控溅射方法,分别在纯Ar和Ar, He混合气氛下制备了多个不同调制周期的Cu/W纳米多层膜. 利用增强质子背散射(EPBS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分别对Cu/W多层膜中He含量、 截面形貌和相结构进行了分析.结果表明:多层膜的界面稳定性是耐氦损伤的前提和保证. 在适当的调制周期下,纳米多层膜能有抑制氦泡成核及长大的能力.     

K-SHELL IONIZATION OF IRON BY ELECTRON BOMBARDMENT

K-shell ionization cross sections for Fe by electron impact were measured by detecting the characteristic X-rays emitted from the thin solid film target of known mass thickness with a Si(Li) detector. Reflection correction of the substrate was done using a bipartition model of electron transport. The experimental results are satisfactory as compared with the theoretical calculation and empirical formula.     

超短超强激光及微团簇与大尺度团簇相互作用

用2.5 MV静电加器提供的高品质微团簇束与固体、气体和大尺度团簇(100->1000原子/团簇)碰撞,超强飞秒激光与大尺度氘团簇相互作用,研究微团簇在大尺度团簇中的库仑爆炸特性,研究超短超强激光场中大尺度氘团簇的聚变机理.本文将介绍此项实验研究的进展.     

电子引起的钛和锰的K壳层电离截面测量

报道了电子引起的钛,锰原子的Ｋ壳层电离截面实验值。实验中,采用了薄靶厚衬底技术,并将衬底中反射的电子对测量值的影响进行了修正。实验结果与其他文献报道的测量结果相吻合。最后,还将实验结果与Ｃａｓｎａｔｉ等人的经验公式进行了比较。     

吸入性氚化粒子在人体肺部组织中吸收剂量的研究

涉氚核设施在检修及退役时,其产生的氚化粒子容易被工作人员误吸入,并在呼吸系统的不同部位停留,部分尺寸较小的粒子可能在肺泡间质区(AI 区) 停留超过1 年的时间。氚粒子通过 衰变释放电子,在释放电子的同时以及释放的电子与周围原子相互作用还会分别产生出内、外轫致辐射,这些都会对人体肺部组织造成辐射损伤。本文采用蒙特卡罗程序PENELOPE 对多种氚化粒子在人体肺部组织中的吸收剂量进行了模拟计算,特别是讨论了氚 衰变的内轫致辐射的贡献。研究发现,电子辐射对人体肺泡产生的吸收剂量大于外、内轫致辐射,但后两者作用距离较长,对人体造成的影响重要;电子辐射吸收剂量随着粒子尺寸的增大以及金属原子序数的增大而减小;外轫致辐射吸收剂量随着粒子尺寸的增大而减小,随着金属原子序数的增大而增大;内轫致辐射吸收剂量随着粒子尺寸的增大以及金属原子序数的增大而减小。Some tritium relevant nuclear facilities, such as Tokamak, can produce tritiated particles. There is the possibility for the staffs to inhale the tritiated particles by accident in the process of maintenance or decommission of these facilities. Tritium decays to 3He, during which the beta electron and the internal bremsstrahlung are released. Meanwhile, the released electrons will interact with the surrounding atoms, and the external bremsstrahlung will be generated. All the electrons, internal bremsstrahlung and external bremsstrahlung will deposit the radiation energies to lung tissues and generate the radiation damage. In this paper we studied the radiation doses by inhaled tritiated particles in lung tissues by Monte Carlo code PENELOPE, in particular, internal bremsstrahlung contribution was included. Our results demonstrated that (1) the dose caused by electron radiation is far higher than those of external and internal bremsstrahlung, which however shall not be negligible due to their long-distance effects; (2) the dose caused by electron radiation decreases as the particle size and metal atomic number Z increase; (3) the dose caused by external bremsstrahlung decreases as the particle size increases, but increases as the metal Z increases; (4) the dose caused by internal bremsstrahlung decreases as the particle size and metal Z increase.