Preparation of graphene on SiC by laser-accelerated pulsed ion beams

Laser-accelerated ion beams (LIBs) have been increasingly applied in the field of material irradiation in recent years due to the unique properties of ultra-short beam duration, extremely high beam current, etc. Here we explore an application of using laser-accelerated ion beams to prepare graphene. The pulsed LIBs produced a great instantaneous beam current and thermal effect on the SiC samples with a shooting frequency of 1 Hz. In the experiment, we controlled the deposition dose by adjusting the number of shootings and the irradiating current by adjusting the distance between the sample and the ion source. During annealing at 1100 ℃, we found that the 190 shots ion beams allowed more carbon atoms to self-assemble into graphene than the 10 shots case. By comparing with the controlled experiment based on ion beams from a traditional ion accelerator, we found that the laser-accelerated ion beams could cause greater damage in a very short time. Significant thermal effect was induced when the irradiation distance was reduced to less than 1 cm, which could make partial SiC self-annealing to prepare graphene dots directly. The special effects of LIBs indicate their vital role to change the structure of the irradiation sample.     

用于激光驱动质子束测量的腔式束流位置探测器模拟研究

根据激光驱动质子束流低发射度、短脉冲、单束团低电量的性质,研究腔式束流位置探测器(BPM)测量激光加速器产生的质子束团横向位置的可行性问题。针对质子束团的大横向分布和发散角问题,推导了其通过腔式BPM的输出信号,结果表明该信号与集中从束团对称中心、倾斜一定角度通过的束流产生的输出信号相同。依据上述原理,使用CST软件进行了腔式BPM的设计和仿真,确定了矩形谐振腔波导耦合的方案。讨论了该方案的腔式BPM对于激光加速束流的适用性和不同激光驱动质子束流参数的分辨率,并针对PW级激光加速系统进行了分辨率估算。     

Generating Proton Beams Exceeding 10 MeV Using High Contrast 60TW Laser

A prototype of a laser driven proton accelerator is built at Peking University. Protons exceeding 10 MeV are accelerated from micrometer-thick aluminum targets irradiated by tightly focused laser pulse with 1.8 J energy and 30 fs duration. The beam energy spectrum and charge distribution are measured by a Thomson parabola spectrometer and radiochromic film stacks. The sensitivity of proton cut-off energy to the focusing of the laser beam, the pulse duration, and the foil thickness are systematically investigated in the experiments. Stable proton beams have been produced with an optimized parameter set, providing a cornerstone for the future applications of laser accelerated protons.     

Analysis of electromagnetic pulses generated from ultrashort laser irradiation of solid targets at CLAPA

Electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)produced by the interaction of a TW femtosecond laser with solid targets at the Compact Laser Plasma Accelerator(CLAPA)are measured and interpreted.The statistical results confirm that the intensities of the EMPs are closely related to both target material and thickness.The signal of the titanium target is more abundant than that of the copper target with the same thickness,and the intensity of EMP is positively correlated with the target thickness for aluminium foil.With the boosted EMP radiations,the energy of accelerated protons is also simultaneously enhanced.In addition,EMPs emitted from the front of the target exceed those from the rear,which are also pertinent to the specific target position.The resonant waveforms in the target chamber are analyzed using the fast Fourier transform,and the local resonance and the attenuation lead to changes of the frequency spectra of EMPs with variation of detecting positions,which is well supported by the modeling results.The findings are beneficial to gaining insight into the mechanism of EMP propagation in a typical target chamber and providing more information for EMP shielding design.     

基于PGNAA-XRF联合方法的铅汞混合样品检测的研究

瞬发伽玛中子活化分析(PGNAA)技术用于溶液中重金属元素原位检测时,由于样品成分复杂,中子俘获截面较大的中子毒物(汞)元素,对截面较小的元素(铅)检测精度干扰很大,因此分析精度相对不高。为实现混合样品中多种重金属的高精度原位检测,提出了一种提高热中子俘获截面较低元素检出限的PGNAA-XRF联合检测方法,设计了一套联合检测混合样品中重金属元素的装置;使用MCNP软件,根据重金属元素的特征γ射线和特征X荧光的计数对样品的尺寸进行优化,得到较合适的样品尺寸高度和半径分别为33和16 cm;并模拟研究了Hg和Pb混合样品中的不同浓度(c_i)对瞬发特征γ射线强度(I_γ)和特征X荧光强度(I_X)的影响,模拟结果表明该混合样品中,Hg和Pb元素的I_γ和I_X均与c_i成良好的线性关系,通过探测Pb的X荧光信息,克服混合样品中高低热中子俘获截面元素间的竞争问题,能显著的改善Pb的检出限,最后拟合给出了PGNAA-XRF联合检测方法的经验公式,计算得到该装置对Hg和Pb元素的检出限分别为3.89和4.80 mg·kg-1。