Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Structures and Properties of Konjac Glucomannan Film

To understand the effect of plasma treatment on the Konjac glucomannan film, the nitrogen plasma was injected into the film by ion beam injection machine in this study. The structures and properties of Konjac glucomannan film after plasma treatment were analyzed by Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectrum, X-ray, ect. The result showed that nitrogen groups appeared in the KGM molecular chain and part of this chain fractured, and the number of hydrogen bonds increased after the treatment of plasma. The form of KGM molecule remained amorphous non-crystalline state, but the crystalline region was increased and became more ordered. The mechanical property of tensile strength and breaking elongation was improved, while the WVP was decreased. The nitrogen groups were grafted on the KGM molecular chain after plasma treatment, which led to the improvement of the properties of KGM film.     

苯酚加氢制环己酮用高效Pd/MgAl-LDO@Al2O3催化剂的制备及性能研究

环己酮是合成尼龙等材料的重要中间体, 但苯酚直接加氢反应制备环己酮容易生成环己醇而降低收率. 采用原位生长策略制备Pd/MgAl-LDO@Al₂O₃催化剂, 并用于苯酚选择性加氢反应, 获得的催化剂在高底物比条件具有良好的催化性能, 相较于Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂, Pd/MgAl-LDO@Al₂O₃催化剂使苯酚转化率显著增加, 苯酚转化率在97%时环己酮选择性可达88%. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂结构进行表征发现在氧化铝上原位生长类水滑石结构能够优化催化剂孔结构并提高活性组分分散度, 且增加了载体表面碱位点的强度, 碱位点的存在影响了苯酚的吸附形式, 从而大幅增加环己酮的选择性. 此外, 当将Ni引入层状结构时, 通过NaBH₄的还原可获得PdNi合金结构. 动力学研究表明, 由于PdNi合金的形成, Pd/NiAl-LDO@Al₂O₃催化剂苯酚加氢反应的能垒低于Pd/MgAl-LDO@Al₂O₃, 同时合金结构导致环己酮选择性的明显降低.     

锯齿型碳纳米管的结构衍生及电子特性

利用密度泛函理论研究锯齿型单、双壁碳纳米管从核到管状团簇直至纳米管的逐层结构衍生.研究结果表明五边形结构在管状团簇生长中发挥关键作用.此外,基于管状团簇的研究,运用周期性边界条件得到锯齿型单、双壁碳纳米管,并通过计算能带和态密度研究其电子特性.对单壁(n,0)和双壁(n,0)@(2n,0)碳纳米管,当n=3q(q为整数)时,具有金属或窄带隙半导体特性;n?=3q时,具有较宽带隙半导体特性,且带隙随管径的增加而减小.然而,小管径碳纳米管受曲率效应的明显影响,n?=3q的(4,0),(4,0)@(8,0)和(5,0)@(10,0)均呈现金属性;n=3q的(6,0)@(12,0)则表现出明显的半导体特性.     

Effects of Irradiation on the Structure-activity Relationship of Konjac Glucomannan Molecular Chain Membrane

To know the effects of irradiation on the konjac glucomannan (KGM) molecular chain membrane, KGM membrane solution was treated with the irradiation dose of 0-20 kGy in this study, and the structure and properties of KGM membrane were analyzed with Infrared spectrum, Raman spectrum, X-ray, SEM scanning and so on. The results revealed that the effects of different irradiation doses on the KGM molecular chain structure were different. Higher irradiation dose (20 kGy) resulted in partial damage against KGM membrane crystal structure, and there was no obvious change for the amorphous structure; with membrane property test, the tensile strength of KGM membrane gradually increased with the increase of irradiation dose and its elongation at break reduced, but these changes were not significant, WVP value reduced; with SEM, the membrane surface treated with irradiation was smoother even than the membrane without treatment. In addition, when increasing the irradiation dose, membrane surface became more even, and arrangement was more orderly and compact. Irradiation modification could effectively improve the KGM membrane properties, and it is an ideal modification method.