A multiperiod model for estimating the cost of deposit insurance under the Basel III minimum capital requirement

Under the Basel III regime, a commercial bank is considered adequately capitalized if it maintains a ratio of capital to total risk-weighted assets or capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of at least 8%. We model a commercial bank that complies with Basel III's minimum capital requirement on an interval $[0,T]$ for $T>0$. The bank model is achieved via a specific rate of capital influx that fixes the bank's CAR at the minimum prescribed level of 8%. On the basis of this capital influx rate, we derive models for the bank's asset portfolio and capital dynamics required for maintaining the CAR at the minimum prescribed level. For the aforementioned bank, we further study a deposit insurance (DI) pricing problem with a coverage horizon equal to $T$ years. More specifically, we employ a multiperiod DI pricing model to approximate the cost of DI for the bank on the interval $[0,T]$, where the constant (minimum) CAR is maintained. We study the behaviours of the models leading to the constant (minimum) CAR, and the behaviour of the DI premium estimate by means of numerical simulations. In the simulation study pertaining to the DI premium estimate specifically, we determine the effects of changes in the bank's initial leverage level (deposit-to-asset ratio), the DI coverage horizon, and the volatility of the asset portfolio on the DI premium estimate.     

The Shapley value,the Proper Shapley value,and sharing rules for cooperative ventures

In this note, we discuss two solutions for cooperative transferable utility games, namely the Shapley value and the Proper Shapley value. We characterize positive Proper Shapley values by affine invariance and by an axiom that requires proportional allocation of the surplus according to the individual singleton worths in generalized joint venture games. As a counterpart, we show that affine invariance and an axiom that requires equal allocation of the surplus in generalized joint venture games characterize the Shapley value.     

On log-normal convolutions: An analytical–numerical method with applications to economic capital determination

We put forward an efficient algorithm for approximating the sums of independent and log-normally distributed random variables. Namely, by combining tools from probability theory and numerical analysis, we are able to compute the cumulative distribution functions of the just-mentioned sums to a high precision and in a relatively short computing time. We illustrate the effectiveness of the new method in the contexts of the individual and collective risk models, aggregate economic capital determination, and economic capital allocation.     

社会资本、地方感对民族村寨旅游中居民支持态度的影响

社区居民是民族村寨旅游能否可持续发展的核心要素,他们既是民俗旅游资源的重要载体,又因身处旅游地而直接承受着旅游所带来的各种冲击.随着西部民族地区日益将旅游产业作为当地追赶式发展的重要引擎,对社区居民旅游态度的研究便具有了极强的理论和现实意义.以社会资本和地方感作为理论基点,以贵州省黔东南西江苗寨和黎平肇兴侗寨作为实证案例,采用层次回归法,从社区中"人-人"关系和"人-地"关系入手探索居民对旅游发展持积极态度的前导因素,并就民族社区社会资本、地方感的培育和提升提出了相关建议,以期为西部民族地区的旅游发展、规划提供有益咨询.     

基于灰色聚类分析的风险评价方法研究——以江苏民间资本进入金融领域风险评价为例

运用灰色系统理论,结合AHP方法,建立灰色聚类分析模型,对风险进行评价,并以江苏民间资本进入金融领域风险评价为例进行研究.结果表明,民间资本进入金融领域的风险属于高风险范畴,其中进入风险中的产业风险和社会风险属于高风险,信用风险属于较高风险,政治风险属于中等风险.并针对上述风险的等级,提出了相应的政策建议.模型具有一定的实用价值,它对于正确认识民间资本进入金融领域的风险和有针对性地制定相应的政策措施具有一定的理论和现实意义.     

Projecting average family size in rural India by the analytic hierarchy process

In this study, cultural, economic as well as certain crucial demographic factors are considered as the determinants for projecting the average family size in rural India. We use the Analytic Hierarchy Process to analyze influences of the factors which enter implicitly in a rural couple's decision‐making to determine the number of children they want to have as time goes by. We did not attempt to make distinctions among the regional differences in rural India. The outcome projected in our analysis compares favorably with the results of other demographic studies.     

Asset portfolio securitizations and cyclicality of regulatory capital

This paper analyzes the level and cyclicality of regulatory bank capital for asset portfolio securitizations in relation to the cyclicality of capital requirements for the underlying loan portfolio as under Basel II/III. We find that the cyclicality of capital requirements is higher for (i) asset portfolio securitizations relative to primary loan portfolios, (ii) Ratings Based Approach (RBA) relative to the Supervisory Formula Approach, (iii) given the RBA for a point-in-time rating methodology relative to a rate-and-forget rating methodology, and (iv) under the passive reinvestment rule relative to alternative rules. Capital requirements of the individual tranches reveal that the volatility of aggregated capital charges for the securitized portfolio is triggered by the most senior tranches. This is due to the fact that senior tranches are more sensitive to the macroeconomy. An empirical analysis provides evidence that current credit ratings are time-constant and that economic losses for securitizations have exceeded the required capital in the recent financial crisis.     

资本充足率控制预留缺口的资产负债优化模型

以利率变化后的资本充足率满足商业银行法要求的≥8%为约束条件,以资产组合的利息收入最大为目标函数,建立资产负债组合优化模型.本文的创新与特色一是通过预设持续期缺口使银行的资产组合在利率变动的有利条件下增加银行净值.这弥补了现有的零缺口免疫条件的资产组合不能使银行股东权益在利率变化中增加的缺陷.二是通过对预设持续期缺口的控制使银行的资产组合在利率变动的不利条件下满足资本充足率的法律要求.这种优化配给控制了资本损失,保护了股东权益,保证了在银行净值发生变化时资本充足率仍满足法律要求.     

基于语言评价信息的知识资本要素识别方法

知识资本是组织创造价值和获取竞争优势的关键资源, 其要素通常具有复杂的关联性, 如何识别知识资本的核心要素、原因要素和结果要素,对于组织进行知识资本管理具有重要意义.本文在构建了知识资本要素识别体系的基础上,借鉴决策试验和评价实验室报告的思想提出了一种基于语言评价信息的知识资本要素识别方法,通过处理和集结专家针对知识资本要素关联给出的语言评价信息,对知识资本要素进行排序与归类.最后通过一个实例分析说明了该方法的应用, 并说明了如何根据识别结果制定相应的策略以便进行知识资本的投资和控制.