首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   81594篇
  免费   6563篇
  国内免费   5671篇
化学   27691篇
晶体学   530篇
力学   7288篇
综合类   1500篇
数学   31446篇
物理学   25373篇
  2025年   172篇
  2024年   716篇
  2023年   923篇
  2022年   1368篇
  2021年   1632篇
  2020年   1868篇
  2019年   2134篇
  2018年   1713篇
  2017年   1831篇
  2016年   2121篇
  2015年   2042篇
  2014年   2948篇
  2013年   5186篇
  2012年   3605篇
  2011年   3714篇
  2010年   3242篇
  2009年   4383篇
  2008年   4852篇
  2007年   4805篇
  2006年   4466篇
  2005年   3835篇
  2004年   3507篇
  2003年   3535篇
  2002年   3265篇
  2001年   2765篇
  2000年   2672篇
  1999年   2376篇
  1998年   2357篇
  1997年   1926篇
  1996年   1723篇
  1995年   1447篇
  1994年   1343篇
  1993年   1143篇
  1992年   1100篇
  1991年   863篇
  1990年   714篇
  1989年   612篇
  1988年   572篇
  1987年   446篇
  1986年   371篇
  1985年   451篇
  1984年   445篇
  1983年   230篇
  1982年   358篇
  1981年   418篇
  1980年   312篇
  1979年   302篇
  1978年   228篇
  1977年   208篇
  1976年   154篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
It is assumed that the probability of destruction of a biological asset by natural hazards can be reduced through investment in protection. Specifically a model, in which the hazard rate depends on both the age of the asset and the accumulated invested protection capital, is assumed. The protection capital depreciates through time and its effectiveness in reducing the hazard rate is subject to diminishing returns. It is shown how the investment schedule to maximize the expected net present value of the asset can be determined using the methods of deterministic optimal control, with the survival probability regarded as a state variable. The optimal investment pattern involves “bang-bang-singular” control. A numerical scheme for determining jointly the optimal investment policy and the optimal harvest (or replacement) age is outlined and a numerical example involving forest fire protection is given.  相似文献   
2.
We extend the matrix version of Cochran's statistical theorem to outer inverses of a matrix. As applications, we investigate the Wishartness and independence of matrix quadratic forms for Kronecker product covariance structures.  相似文献   
3.
We consider the plane-strain buckling of a cylindrical shellof arbitrary thickness which is made of a Varga material andis subjected to an external hydrostatic pressure on its outersurface. The WKB method is used to solve the eigenvalue problemthat results from the linear bifurcation analysis. We show thatthe circular cross-section buckles into a non-circular shapeat a value of µ1 which depends on A1/A2 and a mode number,where A1 and A2 are the undeformed inner and outer radii, andµ1 is the ratio of the deformed inner radius to A1. Inthe large mode number limit, we find that the dependence ofµ1 on A1/A2 has a boundary layer structure: it is constantover almost the entire region of 0 < A1/A2 < 1 and decreasessharply from this constant value to unity as A1/A2 tends tounity. Our asymptotic results for A1 – 1 = O(1) and A1– 1 = O(1/n) are shown to agree with the numerical resultsobtained by using the compound matrix method.  相似文献   
4.
We treat here of the question of absorbing boundary conditionsfor nonlinear diffusion equations. We use the conditions designedfor the linear equation, we prove them to be well posed forthe nonlinear problem, and through numerical experiments thatthey are well suited for reaction–diffusion equations.  相似文献   
5.
We study initial boundary value problems for linear scalar evolutionpartial differential equations, with spatial derivatives ofarbitrary order, posed on the domain {t > 0, 0 < x <L}. We show that the solution can be expressed as an integralin the complex k-plane. This integral is defined in terms ofan x-transform of the initial condition and a t-transform ofthe boundary conditions. The derivation of this integral representationrelies on the analysis of the global relation, which is an algebraicrelation defined in the complex k-plane coupling all boundaryvalues of the solution. For particular cases, such as the case of periodic boundaryconditions, or the case of boundary value problems for even-orderPDEs, it is possible to obtain directly from the global relationan alternative representation for the solution, in the formof an infinite series. We stress, however, that there existinitial boundary value problems for which the only representationis an integral which cannot be written as an infinite series.An example of such a problem is provided by the linearized versionof the KdV equation. Similarly, in general the solution of odd-orderlinear initial boundary value problems on a finite intervalcannot be expressed in terms of an infinite series.  相似文献   
6.
A series of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)s (SPAEKs) were prepared by aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation of 2,6‐dihydroxynaphthalene with 5,5′‐carbonyl‐bis(2‐fluorobenzenesulfonate) and 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone. The structure and degree of sulfonation (DS) of the SPAEKs were characterized using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The experimentally observed DS values were close to the expected values derived from the starting material ratios. The thermal stabilities of the SPAEKs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, which showed that in acid and sodium salt forms they were thermally stable in air up to about 240 and 380 °C, respectively. Transparent membranes cast from the directly polymerized SPAEKs exhibited good mechanical properties in both dry and hydrated states. The dependence of water uptake and of membrane swelling on the DS at different temperatures was studied. SPAEK membranes with a DS from 0.72 to 1.60 maintained adequate mechanical properties after immersion in water at 80 °C for 24 h. The proton conductivity of SPAEK membranes with different degrees of sulfonation was measured as a function of temperature. The proton conductivity of the SPAEK films increased with increased DS, and the highest room temperature conductivity (4.2 × 10?2 S/cm) was recorded for a SPAEK membrane with a DS of 1.60, which further increased to 1.1 × 10?1 S/cm at 80 °C. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2866–2876, 2004  相似文献   
7.
The Simha and Somcynsky (S–S) statistical thermodynamics theory was used to compute the solubility parameters as a function of temperature and pressure [δ = δ(T, P)], for a series of polymer melts. The characteristic scaling parameters required for this task, P*, T*, and V*, were extracted from the pressure–temperature–volume (PVT) data. To determine the potential polymer–polymer miscibility, the dependence of δ versus T (at ambient pressure) was computed for 17 polymers. Close proximity of the δ versus T curves for four miscible polymer pairs: PPE/PS, PS/PVME, and PC/PMMA signaled the usefulness of this approach. It is noteworthy, that the tabulated solubility parameters (derived from the solution data under ambient conditions) propounded the immiscibility of the PVC/PVAc pair. The computed values of δ also suggested miscibility for polymer pairs of unknown miscibility, namely PPE/PVC, PPE/PVAc, and PET/PSF. In recognizing the limitations of the solubility parameter approach (the omission of several thermodynamic contributions), these preliminary results are auspicious because they indicate a new route for estimating the miscibility of any polymeric material at a given temperature and pressure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2909–2915, 2004  相似文献   
8.
本文是[1,12]的继续,研究描述架中概念的结构;本文讨论后半部分,内容涉及概念内涵与外延的转换,清晰关系的内投影与内变换,概念的结构*以及有关问题的注记。  相似文献   
9.
In [5] Phillips proved that one can obtain the additive group of any nonstandard model *? of the ring ? of integers by using a linear mod 1 function h : F ?, where F is the α-dimensional vector space over ? when α is the cardinality of *?. In this connection it arises the question whether there are linear mod 1 functions which are neither addition nor quasi-linear. We prove that this is the case.  相似文献   
10.
用中子活化法相对于54Fe(n,P)54Mn反应,在13.50—14.80MeV中子能区测量了Ba(n,x)134Cs,134Ba(n,2n)133Ba,140Ce(n,2n)139Ce,142Ce(n,2n)141Ce和23Na(n,2n)22Na的反应截面.并将所测的结果和其他作者的结果进行了比较,中子能量是用90Zr(n,2n)89m+gZr反应和93Nb(n,2n)92mNb反应截面比法测定的。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号