基于碳关税和配额的再制造决策研究

在跨国闭环供应链中考虑碳关税、碳配额和碳税三种政策的影响,分别建立了出口国制造商(OEM)再制造模型和OEM授权进口国零售商进行再制造模型,得到不同模型中OEM和零售商的最优价格、最优销售量、最优利润,进一步分析了产品碳排放总量是否超过配额的不同情形下新产品碳排放量对新产品和再制造品价格、销售量的影响以及其中碳关税和碳税发挥的作用.结果表明,在配额限制下,存在碳关税、碳税以及两种政策共同约束的取值区间,当税率水平在不同区间时,新产品碳排放量对两种产品的价格、销售量有不同的影响.     

“选择资费”的多重价格歧视特性

本文在分析电信业选择资费实例和价格结构的基础上 ,研究了选择资费中的三级和二级价格歧视 ,并提出了多重价格歧视的概念 .研究结果表明 ,电信公司在选择资费中综合运用了三级、二级价格歧视 ,且通过提供多个二部资费计费方案 ,达到双重二级价格歧视和优化二部资费的目的 .选择资费是电信公司应对市场竞争的一种定价策略 ,认识其经济特性有利于我国电信公司和电信管制部门进行科学决策     

考虑大数据营销和风险规避的绿色供应链决策与协调

通过建立考虑大数据营销及零售商风险规避的博弈模型,对绿色供应链定价、产品绿色度及利润进行比较分析。研究发现:无论集中决策、双方风险中性分散决策还是仅零售商风险规避分散决策,考虑大数据营销时的供应链整体期望利润和产品绿色度较高,且大数据营销效率因子对产品绿色度的增加有正向作用;双方风险中性分散决策下,一定条件下,两部定价契约能够有效协调供应链整体利润,实现帕累托改进;仅零售商风险规避分散决策下,零售商的风险规避行为会降低其对大数据营销的投入,一定条件下,两部定价契约也能够实现供应链整体期望利润的帕累托改进。     

EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE AND TARIFFS ON AN OPEN ECONOMY OF SCARCITY OF CAPITAL

§ 1　 The ModelWe consider an economy,which is specialized in the production of a single tradablecommodity.The economy is also characterized by an exogenous growing population N =N0 ent(N0 >0 ,n>0 ) .The labor force is a constantfraction of the population and the techni-cal progress is subsumed into population growing.This paper assumes thatthe labor forceis equal to population,i.e.the fraction is1 .The representative firm(or household) in thiseconomy produces domestic outputy(t) by means o…     

碳关税影响我国经济发展的动态一般均衡研究

碳关税是面向未来经济发展模式的新型贸易政策,兼具环境规制和贸易政策的双重功能.论文采用2002-2030年的中国动态CGE模型,构造“虚拟”碳关税方程,设计了基于总能耗的分行业碳排放密度的模拟方案,讨论是否存在“波特假说”情形下对中国工业制成品征收30美元/吨的碳关税的动态影响.研究结果表明:碳关税对不同类型出口品具有不同程度的动态影响,但总出口下降幅度要弱于进口、投资以及消费下降幅度.“波特假说”在一定程度上改善了不利的经济影响,但长期而言单位GDP碳排放的减少并不显著.     

双渠道销售差别定价闭环供应链协调应对生产成本扰动研究

针对一个新产品和再造品存在差别定价,且两类产品通过不同销售渠道进行销售的闭环供应链,构建了一个基本的两部收费契约协调模型。随后,考虑突发事件同时干扰新产品和再造品生产成本的情况下,集中式决策闭环供应链的最优决策问题,并设计了可协调成本扰动下双渠道销售差别定价闭环供应链的两部收费契约。研究表明:在集中式决策闭环供应链中,相比于稳定环境下新产品和再造品的最优决策,生产成本扰动下两类产品最优产量的调整方式不仅与生产成本扰动的程度相关,还与两类产品之间的相互替代系数相关,且改进的两部收费契约以系统各成员共担风险的方式实现了闭环供应链协调的目的。     

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION: THE CASE OF TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION FROM CONSUMPTION

Abstract This paper develops a reciprocal market model of international duopoly with transboundary pollution from consumption to examine the effects of bilateral tariff reductions on the equilibrium pollution tax and welfare. I show that tariff reductions induce each country to raise an emission tax and that trade liberalization is welfare improving if the parameter of pollution damages is sufficiently large. These results are in contrast to the case of production‐generated pollution, and I seek the reason for this contrast.     

中国-东盟贸易自由化博弈分析

在经济全球化和区域经济一体化的背景下,中国-东盟自由贸易区的全面启动将对世界经济格局产生深远的影响.但在实施自由化贸易的过程中,当事双方的共同利益和本位利益既有协同也有冲突.因此,尝试从博弈论的角度来分析中国-东盟贸易自由化的利益机制和推动贸易自由化的条件.通过对双方的利益博弈分析,指出贸易双方应该逐步看淡本位利益,为推动贸易自由化进程而应更多地考虑共同利益和长远利益;其次,双方在制定贸易政策和进行谈判时,虽然不能忽略本位利益,但只有通过满足他方的利益才能使本位利益得到实现;因此,满足贸易双方“利己”和“利他”的唯一均衡解就是同步实施关税减让.在整个博弈过程中,中国作为一个负责任的大国,可以通过首先放弃部分局部利益来换取东盟各国的信任,从而确立中国在贸易战略中的市场领导者地位.这正是确保区域贸易自由化实现的基本要件.     

Can core allocations be achieved in avoidable fixed cost environments using two-part price competition?

Two environments are studied in which sellers have only avoidable fixed costs and fixed capacities: (a) in the first, the core exists and is supportable by a competitive equilibrium; (b) in the second, the core exists but there is no competitive equilibrium. In both cases, demand price is constant up to capacity. Experiments using the double auction institution fail to converge to 100% efficiency allocations in either environment. We study a new mechanism in which sellers each submit fixed vendor's fees, which must be paid before units can be sold, as well as a price and corresponding maximum quantity. Buyers submit price-quantity bids. A computing center determines allocations that maximize the aggregate surplus subject to the price, quantity, and vendor fee constraints. We report 20 experiments: 5 inexperienced (45 periods) and 5 experienced (75 periods) subject groups in each of the designs (a) and (b). Buyers are simulated to be fully revealing. The same four sellers participate in both inexperienced and experienced sessions. We explain why this environment proves difficult in these experiments and what we intend to do about it in further iterations.     

关税与汇率政策对资本缺乏的开放经济的影响分析

In this paper, the impact of tariffs and exchange rate on consumption and investment in an open economy of scarcity of capital is analysed, The dynamics and market price4 of capital, and the solution of foreign asset holding of the firm are discussed. Particular attention is also devoted to the social welfare aspects.