人教版高中化学教科书“研究与实践”栏目分析与实施策略*

对人教版高中化学教科书新设计的“研究与实践”栏目的主题内容、功能价值进行分析,就如何充分发挥该栏目的教学功能和价值,发展学生的化学学科核心素养,提出了创设教学情境线索、开发为研究性学习课题、开发为校本选修课程、开发为STEM课程等实施策略。     

数学建模对高中生构建数学底层思维的作用及其教学实施建议

数学底层思维即用数学的眼光观察世界、用数学的思维分析世界以及用数学的语言表达世界,是人们面对自然和社会中纷繁多样的现象和问题时,所展现的自发的、不依赖监督的、融汇数学学科核心素养的思维方式.作为国家高中新课程标准中数学六大核心素养之一的数学建模,是培养学生数学底层思维的良好载体,对人才培养和社会发展均起到良好的促进作用.本文主要阐述了数学建模对高中生构建数学底层思维的作用,并结合教学实例给出教学实施建议.     

Corners of self-conjugate (s,s + 1)-cores and (s‾,s+1‾)-cores

In this paper, we describe a result on self-conjugate $(s,s+1)$-core partitions with the fixed number of corners. We also define shifted corners of a distinct partition and find formulas for the number of $(\stackrel{￣}{s},\stackrel{￣}{s+1})$-core partitions and the number of $(s,s+1)$-core shifted Young diagrams with the fixed number of shifted corners.     

5年制学前教育专业学生科学核心素养的调查研究

从知识、方法能力、情感态度等3个维度阐释了幼儿教师科学核心素养的含义。为了解5年制学前教育专业学生是否具有幼儿教师的科学核心素养，对唐山市5年制学前教育专业2015级403名在校生的科学核心素养进行了问卷调查。通过对调查结果进行统计分析，揭示了唐山市5年制学前教育专业学生科学核心素养的现状，分析了影响因素。在此基础上，为培养5年制学前教育专业学生具有幼儿教师的科学核心素养提出了一些建议。     

基于化学史发展学生学科核心素养的教学——以“胶体”为例

以发展学生化学学科核心素养为主旨，分析了胶体教学内容的价值，通过创设一系列化学史情境，引导学生从化学史情境中提出问题，再以问题引领学习活动，使学生沿着科学家的研究历程展开实验探究，自主实验获取证据，基于实验证据进行推理，在主动建构胶体本质特性和性质的同时促进化学核心素养的发展。     

基于化学核心素养培养的高中有机实验教学

调查发现，当前对高中有机实验教学普遍重视不够，教师缺乏通过有机实验教学培养学生学科核心素养的意识。提出以下建议：深度解读课程标准，增强实验教学意识；发挥实验教学功能，设计课题式探究实验教学；把握有机教学特点，巧设问题探究性实验；培训教师实验技能，加强实验操作能力。     

“巴斯夫(R)小小化学家”活动对我国中学化学实验教学的启示

通过对“巴斯夫”及“巴斯夫®小小化学家”在中国开展情况的介绍，结合部分经典实验案例发现可以通过借助主题探究，发展深度学习能力；设计微型实验，感知绿色化学理念；加强学科融合，推进创新思维培养；关注化学启蒙，落实实验进阶教学；利用社会资源，不拘一格造就人才等方式提高中学生的化学核心素养。     

A novel approach to produce monodisperse hollow pure silica spheres

In this work, we report an efficient method to produce pure hollow silica spheres (HSS) using phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) compound. The production of HSS was carried out via hydrolysis of PTMS in the aqueous media and followed by a condensation reaction to form silica spheres with phenyl groups. The product was then calcined to remove phenyl groups and obtain pure silica spheres with >95% fine structure. The chemical nature of pure silica was confirmed by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. The calcined HSS were stable beyond the temperature of 900 °C as confirmed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The calcined spheres preserved their spherical appearance and hollow core as shown by SEM and TEM micrographs. Interestingly, the average size of the spheres was reduced significantly after calcination from 760 to 510 nm, confirming further the removal of phenyl groups. The calcined HSS offered much higher surface area (A_s) when analysed by BET; A_s for calcined product was ～406 and mere ～4.8 m²/g for uncalcined HSS. Finally, drug release study of cisplatin/HSS showed over 45% of steady cumulative release for 72 h. The prepared HSS can be dispersed in water opening the possibility of many novel bio/non-bio applications.     

General Formation of Macro-/Mesoporous Nanoshells from Interfacial Assembly of Irregular Mesostructured Nanounits

Mesoporous core–shell nanostructures with controllable ultra-large open channels in their nanoshells are of great interest. However, soft template-directed cooperative assembly to mesoporous nanoshells with highly accessible pores larger than 30 nm, or even above 50 nm into macroporous range, remains a significant challenge. Herein we report a general approach for precisely tailored coating of hierarchically macro-/mesoporous polymer and carbon shells, possessing highly accessible radial channels with extremely wide pore size distribution from ca. 10 nm to ca. 200 nm, on diverse functional materials. This strategy creates opportunities to tailor the interfacial assembly of irregular mesostructured nanounits on core materials and generate various core–shell nanomaterials with controllable pore architectures. The obtained Fe,N-doped macro-/mesoporous carbon nanoshells show enhanced electrochemical performance for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline condition.     

Reverse Thinking of the Aggregation-Induced Emission Principle: Amplifying Molecular Motions to Boost Photothermal Efficiency of Nanofibers**

Using reverse thinking of the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) principle, we demonstrate an ingenious and universal protocol for amplifying molecular motions to boost photothermal efficiency of fibers. Core–shell nanofibers having the olive oil solution of AIE-active molecules as the core surrounded by PVDF-HFP shell were constructed by coaxial electrospinning. The molecularly dissolved state of AIE-active molecules allows them to freely rotate and/or vibrate in nanofibers upon photoexcitation and thus significantly elevates the proportion of non-radiative energy dissipation, affording impressive heat-generating efficiency. Photothermal evaluation shows that the core–shell nanofibers with excellent durability can reach up to 22.36 % of photothermal conversion efficiency, which is 26-fold as the non-core–shell counterpart. Such a core–shell fiber can be used for photothermal textiles and solar steam generation induced by natural sunlight with green and carbon-zero emission.