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1.
A discrete group G is amenable if there exists a finitely additive probability measure on G which is invariant under left translations and is defined on all subsets of G. It is proved that if the group is generated by two elements and is amenable then there are words being relators whose most of the consecutive pairs of the letters belong to a certain four-element set of pairs. This fact is applied to reproving non-amenability of a braid group. The same group provides an example showing that such type of condition is not su?cient for amenabilty. 相似文献
2.
A palladium catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reaction between terminal alkynes and acrylates was developed. In the presence of palladium catalyst and copper(II) acetate as oxidant, the cross dimerization products with were formed. This protocol provides a novel method to construct the tetrasubstituted functionalized alkenes. 相似文献
3.
This article broadens the scheme previously developed to associate topology optimization with additive manufacturing through the use of a virtual skeleton, consisting in solving the same physical problem with a discrete approach and then with a continuum one. This procedure for 3D designs is applied to various domain geometries, to demonstrate its pertinence on high-resolution industrial cases. An algorithm searching for the best printing direction, exploring the solid angle, is also described and validated; the surface-shaped presentation of the result allows immediate understanding of the influence of the discrete problem parameters, while its running time is much lower than a unique continuum optimization simulation, which proves the attractiveness of the method. In the three examples studied, the procedure outputs exhibit greater printability than the ones produced by traditional methods in each of the printing direction tested, albeit responsibility is left to the final user to choose his best trade-off. Furthermore, the unprintable zones are readily displayed to be either reworked or supported. Explanations about increase of convergence likelihood on discrete structures despite the geometry complexity of an industrial application are also provided and demonstrated. 相似文献
4.
Let R be a Noetherian ring and M be a finitely generated R-module. Let I(M) be the first nonzero Fitting ideal of M. The main result of this paper asserts that when I(M) = Q is a regular maximal ideal of R, then M?R∕Q⊕P, for some projective R-module P of constant rank if and only if T(M)?QM. As a consequence, it is shown that if M is an Artinian R-module and I(M) = Q is a regular maximal ideal of R, then M?R∕Q. 相似文献
5.
M. Araceli Snchez-Snchez Cristina Conde Beatriz Gmez-Aylln David Ortega-DelCampo Aristeidis Tsitiridis Daniel Palacios-Alonso Enrique Cabello 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,22(11)
Automated border control systems are the first critical infrastructure point when crossing a border country. Crossing border lines for unauthorized passengers is a high security risk to any country. This paper presents a multispectral analysis of presentation attack detection for facial biometrics using the learned features from a convolutional neural network. Three sensors are considered to design and develop a new database that is composed of visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), and thermal images. Most studies are based on laboratory or ideal conditions-controlled environments. However, in a real scenario, a subject’s situation is completely modified due to diverse physiological conditions, such as stress, temperature changes, sweating, and increased blood pressure. For this reason, the added value of this study is that this database was acquired in situ. The attacks considered were printed, masked, and displayed images. In addition, five classifiers were used to detect the presentation attack. Note that thermal sensors provide better performance than other solutions. The results present better outputs when all sensors are used together, regardless of whether classifier or feature-level fusion is considered. Finally, classifiers such as KNN or SVM show high performance and low computational level. 相似文献
6.
高中化学教科书是发展学生化学学科核心素养的重要载体和资源平台。依据《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》编写的人教版普通高中化学必修教科书作为分析文本,着重从栏目系统、图像系统、习题系统角度对其呈现方式进行分析,具体特点表现为:栏目系统强化功能性,图像系统凸显直观性,习题系统体现针对性、情境性、开放性,以期为高中化学教师有效使用教科书、落实化学学科核心素养的培养发挥积极作用。 相似文献
7.
金属锂因具有极高的理论比容量(3860 mAh/g)和最低的电化学势(相对于标准氢电极为-3.04 V),被认为是下一代高比能锂离子电池的首选负极材料。然而,金属锂负极在电池循环过程中发生的刺状枝晶生长和体积变化等问题严重阻碍了其产业化应用进程。近年来研究表明,通过在金属锂中引入具有三维(3D)结构的宿主骨架,不但能有效抑制锂枝晶的生长,而且可以缓解金属锂负极的体积变化,从而提高金属锂电池的循环性能与安全性。因此,设计3D骨架/金属锂复合负极被认为是一种能有效解决金属锂问题的新兴策略。本文综述了热熔灌输法制备3D骨架/金属锂复合负极的研究进展。首先讨论了当前基于3D骨架的预存金属锂技术,然后着重分析了热熔灌输策略中3D骨架锂润湿性的影响因素,以及不同3D骨架修饰特征和改性方法。最后对3D骨架/金属锂复合负极和热熔灌输策略现存问题进行了总结并提出未来的发展方向。 相似文献
8.
Long Liu Kang Sun Xuyu Ji Jianyu Dong Yongbo Zhou Shuang-Feng Yin 《Tetrahedron》2017,73(18):2698-2704
A metal-free oxidative arene/alkene annulation-aromatization has been realized, which enables efficient synthesis of 2-arylnaphtho[2,1-b]furans from readily available terminal aryl alkenes and 2-naphthols. Mechanistic study suggests that this reaction proceeds via free-radical initiated tandem cyclization, dehydrogenative rearomatization and aromatization. 相似文献
9.
Hua-Yong Lou Lian Jin Tao Huang Dao-Ping Wang Guang-Yi Liang Wei-Dong Pan 《Tetrahedron letters》2017,58(5):401-404
Three new diterpenoids, vulgarisins B–D (1–3), have been isolated from a medicinal plant Prunella vulgaris Linn. These diterpenoids contain a rare 5/6/4/5 fused tetracyclic ring skeleton. Their structures were determined through the analysis of spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction as well as CD analysis. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity activity, vulgarisins B (1) and C (2) demonstrated modest cytotoxicity activity against human lung carcinoma A549 cell line. 相似文献
10.
光弹性法是确定应力集中系数的有效手段,在实际工程中应力参数都是通过分析光弹干涉条纹图获得的,由于光弹干涉条纹图的复杂性,且影响成像质量的因素较多,因此如何从光弹干涉条纹图中撇开其复杂性,较高精度的提取骨架线,是一项较困难的工作,本文提出一种由改进的Canny算子对条纹方位图进行直接运算提取光弹条纹骨架线的算法,实验表明此方法对光弹条纹图很有效。 相似文献