供应链视角下的增值税改革影响研究

构建了一个制造商和一个零售商所组成的两级供应链模型,研究增值税税率下调对供应链决策和社会福利的影响.结果表明,下调制造商、零售商增值税税率都会使产品零售价降低,提高零售商和制造商的利润.下调增值税税率给制造商带来的利润增量大于给零售商带来的利润增量.制造商税率下调导致批发价降低,零售商税率下调反而提高批发价.社会福利的变化趋势与潜在需求规模有关.当潜在需求规模较高时,社会福利总是随降税幅度的增大而增大,且税率降低后的社会福利大于税率降低前;当潜在需求规模中等时,社会福利随降税幅度的增大而减小,但税率降低后的社会福利仍大于税率降低前;当潜在需求规模较小时,社会福利随降税幅度的增大而减小,增值税税率下调损害了社会福利.     

Optimal control and numerical methods for hybrid stochastic SIS models

This work focuses on optimal controls of a class of stochastic SIS epidemic models under regime switching. By assuming that a decision maker can influence the infectivity period, our aim is to minimize the expected discounted cost due to illness, medical treatment, and the adverse effect on the society. In addition, a model with the incorporation of vaccination is proposed. Numerical schemes are developed by approximating the continuous-time dynamics using Markov chain approximation methods. It is demonstrated that the approximation schemes converge to the optimal strategy as the mesh size goes to zero. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate our results.     

新型功能碳材料的高压截获

高性能功能材料在诸多领域具有广泛的应用前景,是人们一直关注的研究热点。高压可以有效地改变物质的原子间距和成键方式,是获得新型功能材料的重要途径。在碳材料的高压研究中,许多有趣的功能碳材料,如光学透明碳、高强度弹性碳和超硬非晶碳等,已经通过不同的碳前驱体合成。本文简要介绍了作者近年来在低维碳基纳米复合材料高压研究中取得的进展,基于设计的不同低维碳前驱体,高压下截获了具有超硬特性、新型压致共价聚合及发光增强的碳材料。     

不同补贴对象下闭环供应链信息共享价值研究

在一个制造商和一个零售商组成的二级闭环供应链中,为研究政府补贴下供应链需求信息共享对决策的影响及共享价值,针对两种补贴对象,构建并求解无信息共享和信息共享博弈模型,并进行仿真验证.研究表明:1)两种补贴对象下,制造商均能从信息共享中获益,零售商仅在绿色成本和回收成本较低时才会从信息共享中获益;绿色成本和回收成本稍高时,设计基于谈判势力的信息补偿机制能有效促进零售商共享信息.2)产品绿色度和回收率随预测需求量的提高而提高,批发价和零售价仅在回收成本较低时,才会随预测需求量的提高而提高.3)在仅补贴一方情况下,当补贴对象为低补贴一方时,两个主体所获的信息共享价值大;若对两者的补贴均较低,两个主体均希望补贴对象为零售商;若对两者的补贴均较高,零售商不愿共享需求信息.     

Alkyl‐Chain‐Regulated Charge Transfer in Fluorescent Inorganic CsPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells

Improved charge extraction and wide spectral absorption promote power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The state‐of‐the‐art carbon‐based CsPbBr₃ PSCs have an inferior power output capacity because of the large optical band gap of the perovskite film and the high energy barrier at perovskite/carbon interface. Herein, we use alkyl‐chain regulated quantum dots as hole‐conductors to reduce charge recombination. By precisely controlling alkyl‐chain length of ligands, a balance between the surface dipole induced charge coulomb repulsive force and quantum tunneling distance is achieved to maximize charge extraction. A fluorescent carbon electrode is used as a cathode to harvest the unabsorbed incident light and to emit fluorescent light at 516 nm for re‐absorption by the perovskite film. The optimized PSC free of encapsulation achieves a maximum power conversion efficiency up to 10.85 % with nearly unchanged photovoltaic performances under 80 %RH, 80 °C, or light irradiation in air.     

One-Step Nucleic Acid Purification and Noise-Resistant Polymerase Chain Reaction by Electrokinetic Concentration for Ultralow-Abundance Nucleic Acid Detection

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)integrated on a chip hold great promise for point-of-care diagnostics. Currently, nucleic acid (NA) purification remains time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it takes extensive efforts to optimize the amplification chemistry. Using selective electrokinetic concentration, we report one-step, liquid-phase NA purification that is simpler and faster than conventional solid-phase extraction. By further re-concentrating NAs and performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a microfluidic chamber, our platform suppresses non-specific amplification caused by non-optimal PCR designs. We achieved the detection of 5 copies of M. tuberculosis genomic DNA (equaling 0.3 cell) in real biofluids using both optimized and non-optimal PCR designs, which is 10- and 1000-fold fewer than those of the standard bench-top method, respectively. By simplifying the workflow and shortening the development cycle of NAATs, our platform may find use in point-of-care diagnosis.     

基于碳关税和配额的再制造决策研究

在跨国闭环供应链中考虑碳关税、碳配额和碳税三种政策的影响,分别建立了出口国制造商(OEM)再制造模型和OEM授权进口国零售商进行再制造模型,得到不同模型中OEM和零售商的最优价格、最优销售量、最优利润,进一步分析了产品碳排放总量是否超过配额的不同情形下新产品碳排放量对新产品和再制造品价格、销售量的影响以及其中碳关税和碳税发挥的作用.结果表明,在配额限制下,存在碳关税、碳税以及两种政策共同约束的取值区间,当税率水平在不同区间时,新产品碳排放量对两种产品的价格、销售量有不同的影响.     

基于串联两阶段网络DEA模型的供应链规模收益分析

数据包络分析(DEA)是评价供应链系统(Supply chain system)间相对有效性的一种重要的工具,但是传统的DEA不考虑供应链的内部结构,对系统效率评价偏高;而本文所研究两阶段串联供应链系统,考虑把部分中间产品作为最终产品输出,增加额外中间投入的情形.基于所提出的供应链系统结构,本文建立相应的串联结构下的网络DEA模型,并针对所建立模型进行相关理论的研究,给出了串联结构下的生产可能集和规模收益情况判定方法.最后,进行数值实验,以验证我们提出的结论.     

Comparison of monomethoxy‐, dimethoxy‐, and trimethoxysilane anchor groups for surface‐initiated RAFT polymerization from silica surfaces

The immobilization of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents on silica for surface‐initiated RAFT polymerizations (SI‐RAFT) via the Z‐group approach was studied systematically in dependence of the functionality of the RAFT‐agent anchor group. Monoalkoxy‐, dialkoxy‐, and trialkoxy silyl ether groups were incorporated into trithiocarbonate‐type RAFT agents and bound to planar silica surfaces as well as to silica nanoparticles. The immobilization efficiency and the structure of the bound RAFT‐agent film varied strongly in dependence of the used solvent (toluene vs. 1,2‐dimethoxyethane) and the anchor group functionality, as evidenced by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Surface‐initiated RAFT polymerizations using functionalized silica nanoparticles revealed that grafted oligomers, which often occur in SI‐RAFT, are not formed within the crosslinked structures that originate from the immobilization, and that RAFT‐agent films that show less aggregation during the immobilization are more efficient during SI‐RAFT in terms of polymer grafting density. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 103–113