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1.
Economic wood processing employs the use of industrial machines for cutting, shaping, milling, and sawing timber, thereby leading to the generation of high levels of noise. Published data from empirical studies have categorized noise as an environmental hazard of global significance. Furthermore, noise exposure limits for different industries and all the industrial machines available has not been formally established as it presently exists in developed nations around the world. Therefore, this study assessed the daily exposure of sawmills workers to noise in Southwestern Nigeria. Reconnaissance surveys were first carried out in Osun, Oyo, Ondo, Ekiti, Lagos, and Ogun States to select sawmills that were fully operational and fit for the study. Two fully functional sawmills in two cities of each State were eventually selected for data collection, making a total of 24 sawmills, while the Circular Machines (CM), Planer Machines (PM), and Band-saw Machines (BM) were the machines in each sawmill considered. Two machines each of CM, PM, and BM were considered in each sawmill, making a total of forty-eight (48) machines each of CM, PM, and BM. Sound data were collected between 7 am and 7 pm each day for six days (between Monday and Saturday) using Extech 407732 sound level meter and all stabilized measurements were taken three times at different intervals. The data collected were in three different periods: Machine No-work Period (NPm), Machine Idle Period (IPm), and Machine Working Period (WPm). A two–way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out at P < 0.05 to determine whether there is a significant difference in the sound level average before and after the break, for both the idle and working periods of the three machines considered. This was also done to determine whether there is a significant difference between the sound level average of the results collected during idle and working periods of the three machines. Noise Pollution Levels (Lnp) ranged from 83.20 dB (PM) to 107.65 (BM) and 93.42 (CM and PM) – 116.00 (BM) respectively, while IPm also gave the least noise pollution level of 95.79 dB and WPm gave the highest level of 102.88 dB. The results revealed that all the machines’ Lnp values in the working period are more than the 90 dB acceptable limit the recommendation value of 90 dB while 89.6% of CMs, 75% of PMs, and 89.6% of BM had their Lnp above 90 dB in the idle period respectively. The minimum and the maximum noise dose levels for IPm, WPm and overall are 0.09 (BM) and 2.37 (CM), 0.50 (CM), and 4.77 (PM) and 0.69 (BM) and 6.64 (PM) respectively. The study found out that the fundamental contributing factors to the high noise levels in sawmills are poor machine maintenance, use of old and obsolete machines, poor housekeeping strategy, limited space, workers’ negligence, lack of PPE, and lack of occupational safety training. The study recommends that proper workplace practices such as use of personal protective equipment, new and modern machines, training, and occupational safety programmes be implemented in the considered sawmills.  相似文献   
2.
构建了一个制造商和一个零售商所组成的两级供应链模型,研究增值税税率下调对供应链决策和社会福利的影响.结果表明,下调制造商、零售商增值税税率都会使产品零售价降低,提高零售商和制造商的利润.下调增值税税率给制造商带来的利润增量大于给零售商带来的利润增量.制造商税率下调导致批发价降低,零售商税率下调反而提高批发价.社会福利的变化趋势与潜在需求规模有关.当潜在需求规模较高时,社会福利总是随降税幅度的增大而增大,且税率降低后的社会福利大于税率降低前;当潜在需求规模中等时,社会福利随降税幅度的增大而减小,但税率降低后的社会福利仍大于税率降低前;当潜在需求规模较小时,社会福利随降税幅度的增大而减小,增值税税率下调损害了社会福利.  相似文献   
3.
Prediction of drag reduction effect caused by pulsating pipe flows is examined using machine learning. First, a large set of flow field data is obtained experimentally by measuring turbulent pipe flows with various pulsation patterns. Consequently, more than 7000 waveforms are applied, obtaining a maximum drag reduction rate and maximum energy saving rate of 38.6% and 31.4%, respectively. The results indicate that the pulsating flow effect can be characterized by the pulsation period and pressure gradient during acceleration and deceleration. Subsequently, two machine learning models are tested to predict the drag reduction rate. The results confirm that the machine learning model developed for predicting the time variation of the flow velocity and differential pressure with respect to the pump voltage can accurately predict the nonlinearity of pressure gradients. Therefore, using this model, the drag reduction effect can be estimated with high accuracy.  相似文献   
4.
基于有限元法对单面柱局域共振声子晶体进行带隙特性分析,研究了结构参数对该类型声子晶体的影响。结果表明:随着散射体高度的增加,单面柱声子晶体的第一完全带隙的起始频率逐渐降低,带宽逐渐增大;随着基板厚度的增大,单面柱声子晶体的起始频率逐渐升高,截止频率先增大后减小。并且在经典单面柱声子晶体的基础上,组合了两种新型的三组元单面柱声子晶体结构:嵌入式单面柱声子晶体(以下简称结构Ⅰ)和粘接式单面柱声子晶体(以下简称结构Ⅱ)。通过对其带隙特性的分析得出:这两种新结构与经典的单面柱声子晶体相比,都具有更低频的带隙,这对于低频减振降噪是非常有利的。本文的结果将对实际的工程应用提供一定的理论指导。  相似文献   
5.
本文利用原位低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)技术在真实固液反应环境中对光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)反应进行了定量研究,并对Ag纳米颗粒负载量不同的Ag担载石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂(Ag/g-C3N4)在可见光照射下催化Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ)的性能进行了研究.研究发现,Ag纳米颗粒负载(负载量分别为1 wt.%、2 wt.%、5 wt.%和10 wt.%)可以有效提高g-C3N4的光催化性能;且负载量为5 wt.%时光催化性能最优,为无Ag负载的g-C3N4的4倍.此外,本文还通过横向弛豫时间(T2)定量分析了反应体系中顺磁性Cr(Ⅲ)离子的浓度,证实了采用LF-NMR弛豫法评价光催化Cr(Ⅵ)还原反应性能的可行性.  相似文献   
6.
低雷诺数俯仰振荡翼型等离子体流动控制   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
黄广靖  戴玉婷  杨超 《力学学报》2021,53(1):136-155
针对低雷诺数翼型气动性能差的特点, 通过介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge, DBD)等离子体激励控制的方法, 提高翼型低雷诺数下的气动特性,改善其流场结构. 采用二维准直接数值模拟方法求解非定常不可压Navier-Stokes方程,对具有俯仰运动的NACA0012翼型的低雷诺数流动展开数值模拟.同时将介质阻挡放电激励对流动的作用以彻体力源项的形式加入Navier-Stokes方程,通过数值模拟探究稳态DBD等离子体激励对俯仰振荡NACA0012翼型气动特性和流场特性的影响.为了进行流动控制, 分别在上下表面的前缘和后缘处安装DBD等离子体激励器,并提出四种激励器的开环控制策略,通过对比研究了这些控制策略在不同雷诺数、不同减缩频率以及激励位置下的控制效果.通过流场结构和动态压强分析了等离子体进行流场控制的机理. 结果表明,前缘DBD控制中控制策略B(负攻角时开启上表面激励器,正攻角时开启下表面激励器)效果最好,后缘DBD控制中控制策略C(逆时针旋转时开启上表面激励器,顺时针旋转时开启下表面激励器)效果最好,前缘DBD控制效果会随着减缩频率的增大而下降, 同时会导致阻力增大.而后缘DBD控制可以减小压差阻力, 优于前缘DBD控制,对于计算的所有减缩频率(5.01~11.82)都有较好的增升减阻效果.在不同雷诺数下, DBD控制的增升效果较为稳定, 而减阻效果随着雷诺数的降低而变差,这是由流体黏性效应增强导致的.   相似文献   
7.
化石燃料的燃烧和其他人类活动排放了大量的CO2气体,引发了诸多环境问题。电催化CO2还原反应(CO2RR)可以储存间歇可再生能源,实现人为闭合碳循环,被认为是获得高附加值化学品和燃料的有效途径。电催化CO2RR涉及多个电子-质子转移步骤,其中*CO通常被认为是关键中间体。铜由于对*CO具有合适的吸附能,已被广泛证明是唯一能够有效地将CO2还原为碳氢化合物和含氧化合物的金属催化剂。然而,纯Cu稳定性差、产品选择性低、过电位高,阻碍了工业级多碳产品的生产。构筑Cu基串联催化剂是提高CO2RR性能的一种有前途的策略。本文首先介绍电催化CO2RR的反应路线和串联机理。然后,系统地总结铜基串联催化剂对电催化CO2RR的最新研究进展。最后,提出合理设计和可控合成新型电催化CO2RR串联催化剂面临的挑战和机遇。  相似文献   
8.
Xi-zhong Liu 《中国物理 B》2022,31(5):50201-050201
A nonlocal Boussinesq equation is deduced from the local one by using consistent correlated bang method. To study various exact solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation, it is converted into two local equations which contain the local Boussinesq equation. From the N-soliton solutions of the local Boussinesq equation, the N-soliton solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are obtained, among which the (N=2,3,4)-soliton solutions are analyzed with graphs. Some periodic and traveling solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are derived directly from the known solutions of the local Boussinesq equation. Symmetry reduction solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are also obtained by using the classical Lie symmetry method.  相似文献   
9.
This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions at the lanthanum strontium manganite electrode of a high-temperature solid oxide cell. Information provided here is put into the perspective of the defect chemistry of lanthanum strontium manganite and its impact on the electrode reaction mechanisms itself. After summarizing recent views on the oxygen reduction reaction mechanism, the focus turns to the oxygen evolution reaction, which is significantly less treated in the literature. A combination of the information in the literature on both reactions was the basis for modified reaction mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction to be proposed under consideration of recent experimental observations and theoretical findings.  相似文献   
10.
Cubic-like CaTaO2N photocatalysts with high crystallinity and uniform particle size were successfully prepared by the flux-assisted nitridation method. The growth of CaTaO2N single crystals under different synthesis conditions was systematically investigated to understand the effects of the crystallinity and optical property on photocatalytic performance of CO2 reduction. Moreover, the modification of CaTaO2N single crystals with core-shell Ni−Ag bicomponent cocatalyst by two-step decoration process gave a 2.4 times higher amount of CO evolution than the deposition of sole Ag cocatalyst, because of the synergistic effects of bicomponent cocatalyst on the interfacial electron transfer and surface catalytic process. This study provides a valuable way to construct high-crystalline photocatalysts with effective bicomponent cocatalyst for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction with H2O.  相似文献   
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