OPTIMAL INVESTMENT IN THE PROTECTION OF A VULNERABLE BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE

It is assumed that the probability of destruction of a biological asset by natural hazards can be reduced through investment in protection. Specifically a model, in which the hazard rate depends on both the age of the asset and the accumulated invested protection capital, is assumed. The protection capital depreciates through time and its effectiveness in reducing the hazard rate is subject to diminishing returns. It is shown how the investment schedule to maximize the expected net present value of the asset can be determined using the methods of deterministic optimal control, with the survival probability regarded as a state variable. The optimal investment pattern involves “bang-bang-singular” control. A numerical scheme for determining jointly the optimal investment policy and the optimal harvest (or replacement) age is outlined and a numerical example involving forest fire protection is given.     

逆（反）对策问题与“奇门遁甲”预测理论（术）

本文首先提出逆（反）对策这一新问题，给出了数学模型；探讨了“奇门遁甲”预测理论（术）中的数学问题；通过系统分析“专门遁甲”预测过程，可知它的预测过程隐含着一个特殊的逆（反）对策问题；最后指出逆（反）对策问题的广泛存在并给出案例分析．     

Theoretical and numerical analysis on multispectral bioluminescence tomography

Recently, molecular imaging has been rapidly developed to studyphysiological and pathological processes in vivo at the cellularand molecular levels. Among molecular imaging modalities, opticalimaging has attracted a major attention for its unique advantages.In this paper, we establish a mathematical framework for multispectralbioluminescence tomography (BLT) that allows simultaneous studiesof multiple optical reporters. We show solution existence, uniquenessand continuous dependence on data as well as the limiting behaviourswhen the regularization parameter approaches zero or when thepenalty parameter approaches infinity. Then, we propose twonumerical schemes for multispectral BLT and derive error estimatesfor the corresponding solutions.     

An algebraic multigrid solver for Navier-Stokes problems

An efficient numerical method is presented for solving the equations of motion for viscous fluids. The equations are discretized on the basis of unstructured finite element meshes and then solved by direct iteration. Advective fluxes are temporarily fixed at each iteration to provide a linearized set of coupled equations which are then also solved by iteration using a fully implicit algebraic multigrid (AMG) scheme. A rapid convergence to machine accuracy is achieved that is almost mesh-independent. The scaling of computing time with mesh size is therefore close to the optimum.     

Motion Control by ZV Shaper Synthesis Extended for Fractional Systems and Its Application to CRONE Control

Shaping command input or preshaping is used for reducing system oscillation in motion control. Desired systems inputs are altered so that the system finishes the requested move without residual oscillation. This technique, developed by N.C. Singer and W.P. Seering, is used for example in the aerospace field, in particular in flexible structure control. This paper presents the study of ZV shaper for explicit fractional derivative systems (generalized derivative systems). A robustness study of ZV shaper is then presented and applied to improve second generation CRONE control response time. Results from simulation and from a DC motor bench are also given.     

Surface mixed adsorption films of 2,4,6- trimethylphenol–2,4,6-trichlorophenol at aqueous solution/air interface

 The results of experimental studies of the adsorption at the solution/air interface from an aqueous mixture: 2,4,6-trimethylphenol–2,4,6-trichlorophenol are presented. The surface properties of the above-mentioned mixture were studied by surface potential and surface tension measurements. These measurements were carried out as a function of the concentration of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol aqueous solution at a constant concentration of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Using the results obtained and based on the Gibbs equation, Helmholtz formula and Motomura’s method the relative surface excesses of adsorbed substances, effective dipole moments, surface molar fractions of solutes and miscibility of adsorbed films were determined. Received: 7 November 1997 Accepted: 26 February 1998     

Transference numbers for ultra concentrated solutions of aqueous hydrochloric acid at 25°C

Transference numbers of HCl(aq) solutions at 25°C, from 0.01 to 13.6 mol-kg^–1(m) have been obtained by measuring the emf of cells with transference using hydrogen gas/platinum electrodes. Good agreement is obtained at concentrations up to 1 m with all previous data, and our results strongly corroborate those of King and Spiro over the 2–8m concentration range. The transference numbers of the hydronium ion fit the empirical equation, _H ^HCl = 0.821 + 0.0457m ^1/2 – 2.476×10^–2m – 1.90×10^–4 m ² – 1.45×10^–5 m ³ the maximum deviation in T _H ^HCl being 0.003.     

A Note on Casoratian Solutions to Two-Dimensional Toda Lattice

In this short paper we generalize the conditions that Casoratian entries satisfy for the two-dlmenslonal Toda lattice. Although we finally conclude that our generalization is trivial in some sense for getting new solutions, our discussion is still helpful for the study of Wronskian technique.     

复杂混合溶液成分高光谱分析的可行性

采用高光谱技术对复杂混合溶液进行检测分析,同时利用被测物质的吸光度和散射特性信息以提高光谱的信噪比。实验设计了高光谱采集装置,采集生物组织模拟液(Intralipid-10%)的漫反射高光谱图像,并用Monte Carlo方法和漫射近似理论对其进行了正向和反向推导,获得了632nm波长下,Intralipid-10%吸收系数为0.002 0cm-1,与标准参数相对误差为11.1%;约化散射系数为63.35cm-1,与标准参数相对误差为6.49%,基本符合标准参数的误差范围,验证了该高光谱检测系统的准确性。还利用该高光谱系统对不同厂家出品的牛奶、果汁等样本进行了高光谱采集,得到不同样本间差异较传统二维光谱更为明显的结果,充分证明了高光谱方法在复杂混合溶液成分分析中具有很强的可行性。     

New Explicit Rational Solitary Wave Solutions for Discretized mKdV Lattice Equation

In this letter, we study discretized mKdV lattice equation by using a new generalized ansatz. As a result,many explicit rational exact solutions, including some new solitary wave solutions, are obtained by symbolic computation code Maple.