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1.
This paper presents the effect of insecticides on the composition of the surface compounds of one of the most harmful insects, Tenebrio molitor, by analysis using GC–MS. As a result of the use of insecticides, the composition of the chemical compounds on the surface of insects changes, depending on the insecticides used. The most numerous groups of the marked compounds were fatty acids, alkanes, esters and sterols. The content of the identified compounds in the larvae increased at both 24 and 48 h after the application of insecticides, in comparison with the control samples. The content of identified compounds in the samples taken from the females increased 24, 48 and 72 h after the application of insecticides in comparison with the control samples. By contrast, in samples prepared from males, the content of identified compounds decreased 24 h after the application of insecticides, compared with the control samples. The highest content of chemical compounds was for fatty acids and alkanes after the use of insecticides. The content of fatty acids after the application of the insecticide with deltamethrin was 62.1 ± 3.3–466.9 ± 5.9 μg/g, and after the application of the insecticide with cyfluthrin was 49.9 ± 1.9–458.3 ± 4.2 μg/g. However, the content of alkanes after the use of deltamethrin was 115.6 ± 4.2–4672.0 ± 32.1 μg/g, and after the use of cyfluthrin was 189.4 ± 3.8–3975.0 ± 10.2 μg/g.  相似文献   
2.
CRANAD-2 is a fluorogenic curcumin derivative used for near-infrared detection and imaging in vivo of amyloid aggregates, which are involved in neurodegenerative diseases. We explore the performance of CRANAD-2 in two super-resolution imaging techniques, namely stimulated emission depletion (STED) and single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), with markedly different fluorophore requirements. By conveniently adapting the concentration of CRANAD-2, which transiently binds to amyloid fibrils, we show that it performs well in both techniques, achieving a resolution in the range of 45–55 nm. Correlation of SMLM with atomic force microscopy (AFM) validates the resolution of fine features in the reconstructed super-resolved image. The good performance and versatility of CRANAD-2 provides a powerful tool for near-infrared nanoscopic imaging of amyloids in vitro and in vivo.  相似文献   
3.
This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of Tribulus terrestris L. fruit (TT) extract named TT15 and its protective effect against ischemic stroke (IS) as well as corresponding mechanisms. The chemical composition of TT15 was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the compound identification was conducted via searching the in-house database. The LC-MS-based multi-omics approach was applied to search the differential metabolites and differential proteins in rat brain tissue and to explore the biomarker and molecular mechanism of TT15 against middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). A total of 20 compounds were identified from TT15, mainly including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, quinones, and esters. These 20 compounds significantly affected the metabolism of 44 metabolites and the expression of 51 proteins. Joint pathway analysis showed that these metabolites and proteins were mainly involved in the response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ and platelet activation, which inferred that TT15 may exert a protective effect against cerebral ischemic injury via regulating platelet function. This study provides useful information for further exploration of the mechanisms of TT extract against IS.  相似文献   
4.
An efficient hydrazine substitution of p-nitro-aryl fluorides with hydrazine hydrates catalyzed by FeO(OH)@C nanoparticles is described. This hydrazine substitutions of p-nitro-aryl fluorides bearing electron-withdrawing groups proceeded efficiently with high yield and selectivity. Similarly, hydrogenations of p-nitro-aryl fluorides containing electron-donating groups also smoothly proceeded under mild conditions. Furthermore, with these prepared aryl hydrazines, some phthalazinones, interesting as potential structures for pharmaceuticals, have successfully been synthesized in high yields.  相似文献   
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6.
A reasonable prediction of photofission observables plays a paramount role in understanding the photofission process and guiding various photofission-induced applications, such as short-lived isotope production, nuclear waste disposal, and nuclear safeguards. However, the available experimental data for photofission observables are limited, and the existing models and programs have mainly been developed for neutron-induced fission processes. In this study, a general framework is proposed for characterizing the photofission observables of actinides, including the mass yield distributions (MYD) and isobaric charge distributions (ICD) of fission fragments and the multiplicity and energy distributions of prompt neutrons (np) and prompt γ rays (γp). The framework encompasses various systematic neutron models and empirical models considering the Bohr hypothesis and does not rely on the experimental data as input. These models are then validated individually against experimental data at an average excitation energy below 30 MeV, which shows the reliability and robustness of the general framework. Finally, we employ this framework to predict the characteristics of photofission fragments and the emissions of prompt particles for typical actinides including 232Th, 235, 238U and 240Pu. It is found that the 238U(γ, f) reaction is more suitable for producing neutron-rich nuclei compared to the 232Th(γ, f) reaction. In addition, the average multiplicity number of both np and γp increases with the average excitation energy.  相似文献   
7.
Let u(t, x) be the solution to the Cauchy problem of a scalar conservation law in one space dimension. It is well known that even for smooth initial data the solution can become discontinuous in finite time and global entropy weak solution can best lie in the space of bounded total variations. It is impossible that the solutions belong to, for example, H1 because by Sobolev embedding theorem H1 functions are H¨older continuous. However, the author notes that from any point (t, x), he can draw a generalized characteristic downward which meets the initial axis at y = α(t, x). If he regards u as a function of (t, y), it indeed belongs to H1 as a function of y if the initial data belongs to H1 . He may call this generalized persistence (of high regularity) of the entropy weak solutions.The main purpose of this paper is to prove some kinds of generalized persistence (of high regularity) for the scalar and 2 × 2 Temple system of hyperbolic conservation laws in one space dimension.  相似文献   
8.
本文研究了数值求解非自治随机微分方程的正则Euler-Maruyama分裂(CEMS)方法,该方程的漂移项系数带有刚性且允许超线性增长,扩散项系数满足全局Lipschitz条件.首先,证明了CEMS方法的强收敛性及收敛速度.其次,证明了在适当条件下CEMS方法是均方稳定的.进一步,利用离散半鞅收敛定理,研究了CEMS方法的几乎必然指数稳定性.结果表明,CEMS方法在漂移系数的刚性部分满足单边Lipschitz条件下可保持几乎必然指数稳定性.最后通过数值实验,检验了CEMS方法的有效性并证实了我们的理论结果.  相似文献   
9.
李军成  刘成志  郭啸 《计算数学》2022,44(1):97-106
由于分段三次参数Hermite插值的切矢往往被作为变量,故可对其进行优化以使得构造的插值曲线满足特定的要求.为了构造兼具保形性与光顺性的平面分段三次参数Hermite插值曲线,给出了一种通过同时极小化导数振荡和应变能来确定切矢的方法.首先以导数振荡函数和应变能函数为双目标建立了切矢满足的方程系统;然后证明了方程系统存在唯一解,并给出了解的具体表达式;最后给出了误差分析,并通过数值算例表明方法的有效性.结果表明,相对于导数振荡极小化方法和应变能极小化方法,所提出的导数振荡和应变能极小化方法同时兼顾了平面分段三次参数Hermite插值曲线的保形性和光顺性.  相似文献   
10.
This article studies a posteriori error analysis of fully discrete finite element approximations for semilinear parabolic optimal control problems. Based on elliptic reconstruction approach introduced earlier by Makridakis and Nochetto [25], a residual based a posteriori error estimators for the state, co-state and control variables are derived. The space discretization of the state and co-state variables is done by using the piecewise linear and continuous finite elements, whereas the piecewise constant functions are employed for the control variable. The temporal discretization is based on the backward Euler method. We derive a posteriori error estimates for the state, co-state and control variables in the $L^\infty(0,T;L^2(\Omega))$-norm. Finally, a numerical experiment is performed to illustrate the performance of the derived estimators.  相似文献   
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