Polymer 4D printing: Advanced shape-change and beyond

4D printing is an exciting branch of additive manufacturing. It relies on established 3D printing techniques to fabricate objects in much the same way. However, structures which fall into the 4D printed category have the ability to change with time, hence the “extra dimension.” The common perception of 4D printed objects is that of macroscopic single-material structures limited to point-to-point shape change only, in response to either heat or water. However, in the area of polymer 4D printing, recent advancements challenge this understanding. A host of new polymeric materials have been designed which display a variety of wonderful effects brought about by unconventional stimuli, and advanced additive manufacturing techniques have been developed to accommodate them. As a result, the horizons of polymer 4D printing have been broadened beyond what was initially thought possible. In this review, we showcase the many studies which evolve the very definition of polymer 4D printing, and reveal emerging areas of research integral to its advancement.     

Optimization of Transducer Location for Novel Non-Intrusive Methodologies of Diagnosis in Diesel Engines

The health monitoring has been studied to ensure integrity of design of engine structure by detection, quantification, and prediction of damages. Early detection of faults may allow the downtime of maintenance to be rescheduled, thus preventing sudden shutdown of machines. In cylinder pressure developed, vibrations and noise emissions data provide a rich source of information about condition of engines. Monitoring of vibrations and noise emissions are novel non-intrusive methodologies for which positioning of various transducers are important issue. The presented work shows applicability of these diagnosis methodologies adopted in case of diesel engines. The effects of changing various fuel injection parameters was analyzed. Scope of using non-intrusive technique has been analyzed by changing locations of microphone. Novelty of this worklies in exploring signal processing methods for various locations around the engine test set up. Various frequency ranges of contributing noise and vibration sources were identified. Time-Frequency analysis showed the onset of various cyclic. Based on the identification of various frequency bands, it is possible to device suitable filters in order to extract more information.     

Computational modeling of heat transfer and sintering behavior during direct metal laser sintering of AlSi10Mg alloy powder

Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is one of the leading additive manufacturing processes, which produces complex metallic parts directly from the powder. One of the major problems of this rapid manufacturing process is an inhomogeneous temperature distribution, which leads to residual stress in the build part. Thus, temperature analyses must be performed, to better understand the temperature distribution and sintering behavior of the powder bed with a different laser recipe. In this study, a comprehensive three-dimensional numerical model was developed to understand the temperature distribution during direct metal laser sintering of AlSi10Mg alloy powder. The computer simulation was carried out in ANSYS 17.0 platform. Further, the effect of process parameters such as laser power and scan speed on the temperature distribution and sintering behavior were studied. From the simulation results, it was found that, when the laser power increased from 70 W to 190 W, the maximum temperature of the molten pool increased from 731?°C to 2672?°C, and the molten pool length changed from 0.286 mm to 2.167 mm. A reverse phenomenon was observed with an increase in scan speed. The sintering depth of the powder layer increases significantly from 0.061 mm to 0.872 mm with increasing the applied laser power, but decreased from 0.973 mm to 0.209 mm as a higher scan speed was applied. The developed model helps to optimize the powder layer thickness and minimize the wastage of excess powders during the sintering process.     

基于改进Adaptive Lasso的多工序制造过程关键质量特性识别

为解决多工序制造过程关键质量特性识别中存在的质量特性间具有多重相关性以及数据高维度, 小样本等问题,本文采用主成分回归改进Adaptive Lasso方法并融合状态空间思想和Bootstrap方法实现多工序过程关键质量特性识别。首先引入状态空间思想构建多工序过程关键质量特性识别模型,然后利用Bootstrap方法重构样本,扩大样本量;进而采用改进Adaptive Lasso方法识别关键质量特性,并通过仿真验证改进Adaptive Lasso方法与Lasso,Adaptive Lasso和岭回归方法在质量特性间不同相关度下识别的有效性;最后通过实例说明改进Adaptive Lasso的具体应用过程,仿真及实例结果显示,改进Adaptive Lasso方法对多工序过程有良好的关键质量特性识别能力,特别当质量特性间有较强相关性时显著优于其它两种方法。     

产业转移下的海上丝绸之路沿线集装箱港口的投资决策研究

在产业转移背景下,考虑港口服务货运需求与刺激货运需求的双重功效,研究海上丝绸之路沿线产业承接地的港口投资建设问题。首先,在现实交通运输网络中加入虚拟链接构建超级网络,用以刻画制造业的转移、生产和运输过程。其次,建立制造业承接地港口投资决策优化模型,用运输阻抗、地价和工资三个内生变量描述港口投资、产业转移与区域经济之间均衡关系。模型以产业承接地港口收益最大为目标,确定承接地港口的投资规模及费率水平。最后,以斯里兰卡的科伦坡口为例进行数值分析,计算海上丝绸之路沿线港口需求与供给间正向反馈的数量关系及上确界,为优化沿线港口投资实现投资利益最大化提供依据。     

应用浮动冲击平台考核舰载设备响应分析

为研究安装甲板模拟器的浮动冲击平台系统考核舰载设备的机理，对整个系统建立有限元模型进行数值模拟并建立力学模型进行了理论分析。根据船体甲板结构产生的垂向低通滤波特性，提出甲板模拟器具有减缓高频冲击并满足设备安装频率要求的作用。将被试设备的浮动冲击平台考核系统简化为有阻尼的三自由度系统强迫振动模型，通过拉普拉斯变换方法求解了不同冲击环境下被试设备的响应。数值模拟与理论计算结果比较吻合，被试设备响应迅速达到峰值后逐渐衰减，振动频率由高频向低频过渡，在分析浮动冲击平台舰载设备考核系统长时间响应时需考虑阻尼的影响。     

增材制造金属反射镜的发展综述

随着光学测量与遥感领域的不断发展,折反式光学系统对重量、体积和环境适应性等需求不断提高。基于增材制造技术的金属反射镜以其便于实现优化设计、快速制造和加工工艺性好等优点,逐渐获得国内外学者的关注与研究。与传统金属反射镜相比,增材制造金属反射镜可以提高反射镜的结构刚度,同时可实现更高程度的轻量化。增材制造反射镜可以满足光学系统对环境适应性和快速性的需求。本文首先讨论了金属反射镜的评价指标;其次,综述了国内外在基于增材制造技术制备金属反射镜领域的发展现状和技术参数,从增材制造金属反射镜的基体设计与制备和基体的后处理2个方面展开论述;然后,通过分析,总结了增材制造金属反射镜的技术路线和关键技术;最后,对增材制造反射镜的应用前景提出了展望。     

主动隔振下固支薄板基础振动抑制的参数多目标优化

考虑动力设备-隔振器-薄板基础为复合主动隔振体系,并将薄板视为固支形式;以传递力作用在薄板基础上某点导纳为中间变量,在传递力、导纳、薄板振动峰值位移及峰值点距离影响因素分析的基础上,进行了系统耦联参数的多目标优化研究。优化算法采用较新的强度Pareto进化算法(SPEA2),该算法具有参数设置少、收敛速度快、寻优能力强及Pareto最优解分布均匀等优点。目标函数考虑为薄板振动的位移峰值及峰值点间的距离,目的是在有效控制薄板振动的同时,尽可能地使薄板趋于单峰值点振动,这对于板上附属操作设备及工作人员是有利的;最后,在最优参数的基础上对隔振器的安装位置进行讨论研究。数值计算结果表明,本文方法可有效地计算出隔振系统的最优参数,并为工业建筑及其他工程振动的最优隔振设计提供新思路。     

Recent breakthroughs of antibacterial and antiviral protective polymeric materials during COVID-19 pandemic and after pandemic: Coating,packaging, and textile applications

The global epidemic owing to COVID-19 has generated awareness to ensuring best practices for avoiding the microorganism spread. Indeed, because of the increase in infections caused by bacteria and viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, the global demand for antimicrobial materials is growing. New technologies by using polymeric systems are of great interest. Virus transmission by contaminated surfaces leads to the spread of infectious diseases, so antimicrobial coatings are significant in this regard. Moreover, antimicrobial food packaging is beneficial to prevent the spread of microorganisms during food processing and transportation. Furthermore, antimicrobial textiles show an effective role. We aim to provide a review of prepared antimicrobial polymeric materials for use in coating, food packaging, and textile during the COVID-19 pandemic and after pandemic.